Wk 7 Digestive

Question 1

Amino acid

Answer 1

The basic building blocks of peptides and proteins;
those organic compounds, numbering around 80, that are have
both an amino group (NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH).
Amino acids make up proteins when joined together in peptide
bonds. They occur naturally in all plants and animals

Question 2

Amylolytic bacteria

Answer 2

break
down starch and soluble carbohydrates into volatile fatty
acids (VFA).

Question 3

Bilirubin glucuronide

Answer 3

onjugated bilirubin, which is water soluble. The hepatocyte releases the conjugated bilirubin into the bile, and when bile enters the small
intestine conjugated bilirubin is transported along with it

Question 4

Brush border

Answer 4

Microvilli on the free surfaces of intestinal epithelial cells and kidney tubule cells that resemble the bristles of a
brush

Question 5

Buccal cavity

Answer 5

Although this translates literally to cheek cavity, the
buccal cavity usually refers to the mouth or oral cavity; pronounced “BHU-kal

Question 6

Cardia

Answer 6

  The part of the stomach where the esophagus enters.

Question 7

Carnivore

Answer 7

  An animal whose diet is primarily meat

Question 8

Cecum

Answer 8

The blind pouch leading off from where the ileum meets
the colon; in nonruminant herbivores, the cecum can be well
developed, with a base, body, and apex (tip).

Question 9

Cellulolytic

Answer 9

bacteria break down components
of cell walls, including cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin,
into VFA

Question 10

Chief cell

Answer 10

cells in the stomach that produce the enzyme precursor pepsinogen.

Question 11

Cholecystokinin

Answer 11

A hormone released by the duodenum
when chyme enters from the stomach. It slows gastric emptying
and motility while increasing intestinal motility. It also stimulates
the pancreas to release digestive enzymes into the duodenum.

Question 12

Chyme

Answer 12

The semifluid, partially digested food that leaves the
stomach and enters the duodenum.

Question 13

Chymotrypsinogen

Answer 13

pancreatic proenzymes

Question 14

Colon

Answer 14

The last large component of the intestinal tract;responsible
for absorption of water and electrolytes; extensively developed
in nonruminant herbivores, such as horses.

Question 15

Deglutition

Answer 15

process by
which food from the oral cavity is transported to the
stomach (in simple-stomached animals) or reticulorumen
(in ruminants).

Question 16

Duodenum

Answer 16

The first segment of the small intestine after the
stomach. Chyme enters the duodenum from the stomach.

Question 17

Emesis

Answer 17

vomit

Question 18

Endocrine

Answer 18

The system of glands that controls and regulates body functions through the internal secretion of hormones.The hormones are released directly into the bloodstream,
which allows them to exert their actions on target cells throughout the body

Question 19

Endopeptidase

Answer 19

include pepsin as well as the pancreatic enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase. These
enzymes break proteins at internal points along the
polypeptide chains,resulting in smaller peptide chains.

Question 20

Enteric

Answer 20

Referring to the intestine

Question 21

Enteric nervous
system

Answer 21

Referring to the intestine.

Question 22

Enterochromaffin-like
cell (ECL-cell)

Answer 22

Three substances, acetylcholine, gastrin, and histamine,
stimulate secretions by glandular cells in the stomach. Histamine is secreted by enterochromaffin-like cells(ECL cells)
in the gastric mucosa, acetylcholine comes from cholinergic
neurons, and gastrin is released by G cells.

Question 23

Enterohepatic
circulation

Answer 23

denotes the movement of bile acid molecules from the liver to the small intestine and back to the liver

Question 24

Enteropeptidase

Answer 24

responsible
for converting one of the pancreatic proenzymes, trypsinogen, into its active form, trypsin.

Question 25

Exocrine

Answer 25

  Glands that release their secretions through
ducts that lead directly to the location intended to be controlled.
Some examples include sweat glands and salivary glands.

Question 26

Exopeptidase

Answer 26

break proteins at the ends of the polypeptide
chains, releasing free amino acids.

Question 27

Fermentation

Answer 27

Anaerobic oxidative decomposition of cellulose
into simpler compounds, such as volatile fatty acids. The
enzymes that break down the cellulose are produced by microorganisms, which are contained in the rumen or cecum of
herbivores.