Wk 7 Digestive Flashcards
Amino acid
The basic building blocks of peptides and proteins;
those organic compounds, numbering around 80, that are have
both an amino group (NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH).
Amino acids make up proteins when joined together in peptide
bonds. They occur naturally in all plants and animals
Amylolytic bacteria
break
down starch and soluble carbohydrates into volatile fatty
acids (VFA).
Bilirubin glucuronide
onjugated bilirubin, which is water soluble. The hepatocyte releases the conjugated bilirubin into the bile, and when bile enters the small
intestine conjugated bilirubin is transported along with it
Brush border
Microvilli on the free surfaces of intestinal epithelial cells and kidney tubule cells that resemble the bristles of a
brush
Buccal cavity
Although this translates literally to cheek cavity, the
buccal cavity usually refers to the mouth or oral cavity; pronounced “BHU-kal
Cardia
The part of the stomach where the esophagus enters.
Carnivore
An animal whose diet is primarily meat
Cecum
The blind pouch leading off from where the ileum meets
the colon; in nonruminant herbivores, the cecum can be well
developed, with a base, body, and apex (tip).
Cellulolytic
bacteria break down components
of cell walls, including cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin,
into VFA
Chief cell
cells in the stomach that produce the enzyme precursor pepsinogen.
Cholecystokinin
A hormone released by the duodenum
when chyme enters from the stomach. It slows gastric emptying
and motility while increasing intestinal motility. It also stimulates
the pancreas to release digestive enzymes into the duodenum.
Chyme
The semifluid, partially digested food that leaves the
stomach and enters the duodenum.
Chymotrypsinogen
pancreatic proenzymes
Colon
The last large component of the intestinal tract;responsible
for absorption of water and electrolytes; extensively developed
in nonruminant herbivores, such as horses.
Deglutition
process by
which food from the oral cavity is transported to the
stomach (in simple-stomached animals) or reticulorumen
(in ruminants).