Wk 8 Flashcards
The central tendon of the digastric muscle is held down by what?
A sling of fascia
What is the action of the digastric muscle?
Depends on what the other muscles are doing It either pulls the mandible down or raises the hyoid bone
Where does the posterior belly of the digastric muscle attach to the base of the skull?
Medial to the mastoid process
What are the attachments for the stylohyoid muscle? Describe this.
the hyoid bone and the styloid process
The stylohyoid muscle gives way to a tendon at the bottom which forks around the central tendon of digastric muslces and attaches to the hyoid bone
What is the function of the stylohyoid muscle?
Raises the hyoid bone during swallowing
What are the 2 parts of the submandibular salivary gland? What part gives off its duct?
Superficial part lying in the submandibular region and deep part lying in the floor of the mouth Deep part gives off its duct
The submandibular duct opens up into the oral cavity where?
At sublingual papilla which are near the midline next to the lingual frenulum
What secretions does the submandibular salivary gland produce?
Mixed serous and mucous secretions
What is a common pathology that occurs in the submandibular duct?
Calculi formation (stones)
How do stoned/ calculi in the submandibular duct tend to present?
As pain and swelling of the submandibular gland particullary around the time of a meal (beacuse salivating and saliva cant get out - raises pressure in the gland)
How are submandibular calculi normally treated? What is the risk of this procedure and how can you tell that there was no damage post procedure?
Using LA and a scalpel to remove stone fron duct
Risk of damaging the lingual nerve as it hooks underneath the submandibular duct.
If the patient isnt numb on one side of tongue then no damage
How can you assess if the hypoglossal nerve has been damaged during surgery?
Ask the patient ot stick their tongue out and if it deviates to one side then that side has been damaged
What is the diff between the internal and external carotid artery in terms of the branches it gives off?
Internal doesnt give off any branches until in the cranial cavity whereas the external carotid gives off branches to superficial tissues as it ascends through the neck
What is the first branch that the external carotid gives off?
Superior thyroid artery
After the superior thyroid artery, what are the next 3 branches of the external carotid?
Facial artery
Lingual artery
Occipital artery
Does the faial artery and lingual artery run superficial or deep to the submandibular gland?
Facial artery = superficial
Lingual = deep
Describe the sublingual salivary gland in terms of where it opens, ducts and types of secretion.
Has lots of little ducts instead of one big one
Some ducts open up into the end of the submandibular salivary gland and some onto the mucosal fold over the sublingual gland called the sublingual fold
Mucous secretions
What part of the nervous system supplies the salvary glands (for secretion)?
Parasympathetic nervous system
What does the submandibular ganglion supply?
The submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
- What is supplied by the pterygopalatine ganglion?
minor salivary glands and the lacrimal glands
Note: this ganglion is on the facial nerve
What is the chordae tympani/what does it supply?
Nerve that carries afferent special sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue via the lingual nerve, as well as efferent parasympathetic secretomotor innervation to the submandibular and sublingual glands.
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Styloglossus
Geniohyoid
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
What is the origin ans insertion of the hyoglossus muscle?
origin = hypid bon e
insertion = side of tongue
What is the function of the hyoglossus muscle ?
Lowers/depresses the tongue
What is the nerve supply and vascular supply to the hyoglossus muscle?
Nerve = hypoglossal nerve
Blood supply = sublingual branch of the lingual artery and submental branch of facial artery (lingual and facial artery)
What is the origin and insertions of the genioglossus muscles?
Origin = mental spine on the medial surface of the body of the mandible
Insertion - tip of tongue and hyoid bone
What is the function of the genioglossus muscle?
protrudes and depresses the tongue
What is the nerve and blood supply to the genioglossus muscle?
nerve = hypoglossal
blood = facial artery (submental branch) and lingual artery (sublingual branch)
What is the origin and insertion of the geniohyoid muscles?
origin = Inferior mental spine
insertion = hyoid bone
What is the function of the geniohyoid muscle?
pulls the hyoid bone forward when swalloing which creates space in teh pharynx for the bolus to go down
What is the nerve supply and blood supply to the geniohyoid muscles?
nerve = hypoglossal
blood = sublingual branch of lingual artery
What is the origin and insertion for the styloglossus muscle?
origin = styloid process
Insertion = tongue
What is the function of the styloglossus? Why is this important
Retracts and elevated the tongue
This is important in early stages of swallowing - need to move bolus back
What is the nerve supply and the action of the palatoglossus muscle?
nerve = vagus nerve
Action = pulls the soft palate down towards tongue
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and what are their nerve supply?
superior longitudinal
inferior longitudinal
vertical fibres
transverse fibres
Hypoglossal nerve
What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Alter the shape of the tongue
What can a smooth tongue indicate?
Iron deficiency (anaemia)
If ther is a blue tongue, what can this be a sign of?
prob with respiratory system
What ganglion supplies parotid gland?
Otic (from glossopharyngeal nerve)
