Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What are the 12 cranial nerves in order?
olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal vagus accessory hypoglossal
What type of nerve is the oculomotor nerve and what does it do?
Motor - innervates muscles of the eye
Describe the vagus nerve.
-motor + sensory -motor innervation to muscles of pharynx, larynx, palate and upper 2/3rds of oesophagus -parasympathetic innervation to trachea, bronchi, GIT and heart) -sensory: tongue, larynx, respiratory tract, heart, epiglottis and palate and more
What is the vagus nerve sometimes named?
“the wandering nerve”
Describe the trochlear nerve.
Motor - innervates muscles of the eye
Where are the cell bodies of the trochlear nerve located?
In the midbrain
What type of nerve is the Assessory nerve and what does it do?
-motor -supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
How can you assess the accessory nerve?
Test resistance to shrugging and resistance to turning head
What type of nerve is the Hypoglossal nerve and what does it do?
-motor -innervates muscles of the tongue
How can you assess the hypoglossal nerve?
Ask patient to stick out their tongue
If they can stick it out then it they are working
If one side is not working then the tongue will deviate to that side
What muscle of the tongue does the hypoglossal nerve NOT innervate? What nerve does innervate this muscle?
-Palatoglossus muscle - vagus nerve
What is the only cranial nerve that can regenerate if damaged?
olfactory (CNI)
What type of nerve is the Glossopharyngeal nerve and what does it do?
-motor + sensory -taste from posterior 1/3rd of the tongue and parasympathetic control of parotid gland, muscles of swallowing -sensation to parotid gland, pharynx, middle ear
What type of nerve is the optic nerve and what does it do?
special sensory - somatic special sensory for vision
What type of nerve is the oculomotor nerve and what does it do?
-motor -innervates eye muscles (moves eyes medially and upwards - if damaged eye may be positioned downwards and outwards)
What type of nerve is the olfactory nerve and what does it do?
-special sensory -smell
What is the term used to describe being unable to smell when you have a cold?
Anosmia
Describe the trigeminal nerve.
-sensory + motor -3 branches: ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular -sensation from the face, nose and teeth -innervate the muscles of mastication (mandibular branch)
What type of nerve is vestibulocochlear and what does it do?
-sensory -balance and hearing
What type of nerve is the abducens nerve and what does it do?
-motor -innervate lateral rectus muscle (eyes)
What is the biggest cranial nerve?
Trigeminal
What is the longest cranial nerve?
Vagus
What cranial nerve is associated with tooth pain?
Trigeminal
What cranial nerve is associated with taste?
-Facial -Glossopharyngeal
What nerves innervate the tongue?
-Facial -Hypoglossal -Glossopharyngeal -trigeminal?
What is the main nerve supply for the pharynx for motor and sensory function?
Motor = vagus Sensory = glossopharyngeal
What type of epithelium is the olfactory nerve made of ?
Olfactory epithelium
What is anosmia? What CN is it associated with?
inability to smell (happens in colds) CNI
Describe the facial nerve.
motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, parasympathetic innervation salivary glands
sensory to anterior ⅔rd tongue
