Wk 7 Medication safety Flashcards
Pharmacokinetics As the Basis of Medication Actions
The study of how medications?
Enter the body Are absorbed and distributed into cells, tissues, or organs Reach their site of action Alter physiological functions Are metabolized Exit the body
Forms of Medication
Solid form Liquids Topical routes Other oral forms (The form of medications determine the route of administration. The composition of a medication enhances its absorption and metabolism)
Forms of Medication
SOLID FORM
caplet, capsule, tablet, enteric coated tablet (Enteric coated tablets instead of dissolving in the stomach it dissolves in the intestine Medications is available in a variety of different forms
Forms of Medication
LIQUIDS
elixir, extract, syrup, aqueous solutions and suspension
Forms of Medication
TOPICAL ROUTES
Ointment, lotion, liniment, paste, transdermal disk or patch
Forms of Medication
OTHER ORAL FORMS
Troche ( lozenges) Aerosols, sustained released Parenteral Routes Solutions and powders Installation in body cavities Intraocular disk and suppository
Narcotic Administration
Store in lock cabinet
Maintain running count
Use special inventory
Use record to document
Second nurse witness to dispose
Drug Action
THERAPEUTIC
Therapeutic effect: Expected or predicted physiological response
Drug Action ADVERSE SIDE EFFECT TOXIC EFFECT IDIOSYNCRATIC EFFECT
Adverse effect: Unintended, undesirable, often unpredictable
Side effect: Predictable, unavoidable secondary effect
Toxic effect: Accumulation of medication in the bloodstream
Idiosyncratic reaction: Over/under reaction or not normal reaction
Drug Tolerance
Drug tolerance—decreasing response to repeated doses of a medication. Patient then requires more of the drug to achieve desired effect
Drug interaction
One medication modifies the action of another
Common with multiple prescribed meds
Some medication increase or diminish through absorption, metabolism, or elimination from the body
Synergistic effect
Allergic Reactions
Allergic reaction
Allergic reaction: unpredictable response to a medication
Allergic Reactions
Medication interactions
Medication interactions: when one medication modifies the action of another
Anaphylactic reaction
Life-threatening
Occurs immediately after administration with sudden constriction of bronchioles, edema of larynx and pharynx.
Severe shortness of breath, wheezing and severe hypotension.
Immediate treatment includes Discontinue medication, give epinephrine, IV fluids, steroids and antihistamines.
Respiratory support from oxygen to intubation and ventilation
Routes of administration Oral routes
SUBLINGUAL
Sublingual Administration. Some medications (e.g., nitroglycerin) are readily absorbed after being placed under the tongue to dissolve.
Instruct patients not to swallow a medication given by the sublingual route or drink anything until the medication is completely dissolved to ensure that the medication will have the desired effect.
Routes of administration Oral routes
BUCCAL
Buccal Administration. Administration of a medication by the buccal route involves placing the solid medication in the mouth against the mucous membranes of the cheek until it dissolves.
Teach patients to alternate cheeks with each subsequent dose to avoid mucosal irritation.
Warn patients not to chew or swallow the medication or to take any liquids with it.
A buccal medication acts locally on the mucosa or systemically as it is swallowed in a person’s saliva.
