wk 6- dermatology

Question 1

stages of wound healing

Answer 1

1.

Question 2

skin and nails tell us about

Answer 2

infection
immune system
nutrition
circulatory disorders and systemic disease
physical changes of aging
abnormal loading of the foot

Question 3

what is the lsrgest organ in the body and how large

Answer 3

skin, 1.8m2

Question 4

structure of skin

Answer 4

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

Question 5

epidermis

Answer 5

outer most layer
provides waterproof barrier
creates our skin tone
avascular
relying on diffusion of materials across the dermoepidermal junction for nutrients and waste disposal

Question 6

epidermis is made up of

Answer 6

Stratum corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinosum
germinativum

Question 7

dermatology patient history includes

Answer 7

duration of problem
relieving or exacerbating factors
treatments
history of allergies
exposures to materials/substances
family history
occupation
social history
medical history

Question 8

overall dermatology assessment

Answer 8

general distribution
individual lesion morphology
assessment of other structures, nails and sweat glands

Question 9

skin assessment includes

Answer 9

texture, colour, temperature, humidity, elasticity, hyperkeratosis, hair, dermatoses, surgical intervention

Question 10

macule is

Answer 10

flat, localised area of colour change
not elevated or depressed
may be hypo pigmented, pigmented etc

Question 11

patch is

Answer 11

a large macule (larger than 10mm in diameter

Question 12

papule

Answer 12

elevated solid lesion, less than 5mm in diameter

Question 13

nodule is

Answer 13

a large papule, greater than 5mm indiameter, may be fluid filled or solid

Question 14

plaque

Answer 14

plateau like elevated lesion
a collection of papules

greater than 10mm in diameter but less than 5mm in height

Question 15

vesicle

Answer 15

a papule with clear fluid, less than 5mm in diameter, may be within or below epidermis

Question 16

bulla

Answer 16

a large vesicle, greater than 5mm in diameter, with clear fluid. bllistering

Question 17

pustule

Answer 17

a papule containing purulent (pus) material

Question 18

cyst

Answer 18

a nodule containing fluid or semi solid material
found sub dermally

Question 19

wheal

Answer 19

transitory elevated lesion
plaque or a papule
oedematous (swollen)

Question 20

secondary lesions occur and what are they

Answer 20

modification of primary lesion, results from traumatic injury, evolution from the primary

include
scale
exoriation
atrophy
crust
fissure
ulceration
lichenifcation
scar
erosion

Question 21

scale

Answer 21

flakes of dead epidermal cells from the stratum corneum, may be tiny large adherent or loose

Question 22

crust

Answer 22

accumulation of serum, blood or purulent exudate dries on skin

Question 23

erosion

Answer 23

a defect or loss of epidermis only
a superficial form of ulceration
heals without scarring
result of vesicles and bulla

Question 24

ulcer

Answer 24

a skin defect or loss of tissue extending into the dermis or deeper
occurs in pathologically altered tissue
always heal with scar formation

Question 25

excoriation

Answer 25

destruction or removal of the surface of the skin
caused by scratching, scraping or chemicals

Question 26

lichenification

Answer 26

thickening of the epidermis of the skin causing exaggeration of creasing

caused by abnormal or excessive scratching

Question 27

atrophy

Answer 27

wasting of some or all layers of skin
skin becomes transparent

Question 28

scar

Answer 28

fibrous tissue replacement of normal tissue
occurs in a tissue defect such as an ulcer or wound

Question 29

fissure

Answer 29

linear cleavage of skin sometimes extending into dermis (cracked heels)

Question 30

ecchymosis

Answer 30

a subcutaneous spot of bleeding, greater than 10mm in diameter, commonly known as a bruise.

Question 31

petechiae

Answer 31

a small 1-2mm red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin

Question 32

purpura

Answer 32

a rash of purple spots on the skin caused by internal bleeding from small blood vessels, measure 3-10mm, do not blanch under pressure

Question 33

telangiectasia

Answer 33

permanently dilated capillaries and venules in the skin

Question 34

erythema

Answer 34

superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches , caused by injury or irritation

Question 35

hemosiderin

Answer 35

development of patches of brownish to yellow deposits just under the skin

occurs as a by product of the breakdown of red blood cells

can develop after surgery or haemorrhage

Question 36

what would a circular lesion tell us about the forces being applied

Answer 36

twisting pressure (horizontal force)

Question 37

minor skin change = physiological calluous, what happens for a major skin change

Answer 37

pathological callous, debridement needed

Question 38

hyperkeratosis

Answer 38

thickening of the stratum corenum through
mechanical stress (pressure, shear, friction) and skin diseases

Question 39

types of hyperkeratosis

Answer 39

callous- diffuse, even thickening
heloma- corn, concentrated area of hyperkeratosis with deep centre

Question 40

different types of corn

Answer 40

5 types

heloma durum
heloma molle

Question 41

heloma durum

Answer 41

hard corn
deep central mass of circumscribed conified cells pressing on the undelrying dermis
painful on direct pressure

Question 42

heloma molle

Answer 42

soft corn
occurs interdigitally in high pressure areas
painful on direct pressure, macerated tissue

Question 43

heloma milliare

Answer 43

seed corn

Question 44

heloma vasculare

Answer 44

a hard corn associated with a vascular element

Question 45

heloma neurovasculare

Answer 45

a hard corn associated with neural and vascular element