wk 6- dermatology Flashcards
stages of wound healing
1.
skin and nails tell us about
infection
immune system
nutrition
circulatory disorders and systemic disease
physical changes of aging
abnormal loading of the foot
what is the lsrgest organ in the body and how large
skin, 1.8m2
structure of skin
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
epidermis
outer most layer
provides waterproof barrier
creates our skin tone
avascular
relying on diffusion of materials across the dermoepidermal junction for nutrients and waste disposal
epidermis is made up of
Stratum corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinosum
germinativum
dermatology patient history includes
duration of problem
relieving or exacerbating factors
treatments
history of allergies
exposures to materials/substances
family history
occupation
social history
medical history
overall dermatology assessment
general distribution
individual lesion morphology
assessment of other structures, nails and sweat glands
skin assessment includes
texture, colour, temperature, humidity, elasticity, hyperkeratosis, hair, dermatoses, surgical intervention
macule is
flat, localised area of colour change
not elevated or depressed
may be hypo pigmented, pigmented etc
patch is
a large macule (larger than 10mm in diameter
papule
elevated solid lesion, less than 5mm in diameter
nodule is
a large papule, greater than 5mm indiameter, may be fluid filled or solid
plaque
plateau like elevated lesion
a collection of papules
greater than 10mm in diameter but less than 5mm in height
vesicle
a papule with clear fluid, less than 5mm in diameter, may be within or below epidermis
bulla
a large vesicle, greater than 5mm in diameter, with clear fluid. bllistering
pustule
a papule containing purulent (pus) material
cyst
a nodule containing fluid or semi solid material
found sub dermally
wheal
transitory elevated lesion
plaque or a papule
oedematous (swollen)
secondary lesions occur and what are they
modification of primary lesion, results from traumatic injury, evolution from the primary
include
scale
exoriation
atrophy
crust
fissure
ulceration
lichenifcation
scar
erosion
scale
flakes of dead epidermal cells from the stratum corneum, may be tiny large adherent or loose
crust
accumulation of serum, blood or purulent exudate dries on skin
erosion
a defect or loss of epidermis only
a superficial form of ulceration
heals without scarring
result of vesicles and bulla
ulcer
a skin defect or loss of tissue extending into the dermis or deeper
occurs in pathologically altered tissue
always heal with scar formation
excoriation
destruction or removal of the surface of the skin
caused by scratching, scraping or chemicals
lichenification
thickening of the epidermis of the skin causing exaggeration of creasing
caused by abnormal or excessive scratching
atrophy
wasting of some or all layers of skin
skin becomes transparent
scar
fibrous tissue replacement of normal tissue
occurs in a tissue defect such as an ulcer or wound
fissure
linear cleavage of skin sometimes extending into dermis (cracked heels)
ecchymosis
a subcutaneous spot of bleeding, greater than 10mm in diameter, commonly known as a bruise.
petechiae
a small 1-2mm red or purple spot caused by bleeding into the skin
purpura
a rash of purple spots on the skin caused by internal bleeding from small blood vessels, measure 3-10mm, do not blanch under pressure
telangiectasia
permanently dilated capillaries and venules in the skin
erythema
superficial reddening of the skin, usually in patches , caused by injury or irritation
hemosiderin
development of patches of brownish to yellow deposits just under the skin
occurs as a by product of the breakdown of red blood cells
can develop after surgery or haemorrhage
what would a circular lesion tell us about the forces being applied
twisting pressure (horizontal force)
minor skin change = physiological calluous, what happens for a major skin change
pathological callous, debridement needed
hyperkeratosis
thickening of the stratum corenum through
mechanical stress (pressure, shear, friction) and skin diseases
types of hyperkeratosis
callous- diffuse, even thickening
heloma- corn, concentrated area of hyperkeratosis with deep centre
different types of corn
5 types
heloma durum
heloma molle
heloma durum
hard corn
deep central mass of circumscribed conified cells pressing on the undelrying dermis
painful on direct pressure
heloma molle
soft corn
occurs interdigitally in high pressure areas
painful on direct pressure, macerated tissue
heloma milliare
seed corn
heloma vasculare
a hard corn associated with a vascular element
heloma neurovasculare
a hard corn associated with neural and vascular element
