AE- muscles

Question 1

origin and insertion, action and innervation of

abductor digiti minimi muscle

Answer 1

origin- (1st layer) medial and lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity

inserts- lateral base of proximal phalanax of 5th toe

action- abducts and plantarflexes 5th toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint.

lateral plantar nerve

Question 2

how do you palpate and test abductor digiti minimi muscle

Answer 2

2 fingers plantar surface, lateral to 5th met shaft, ask patient to flex against resistance

Question 3

extensor digitorum brevis

Answer 3

origin- anterior-lateral dorsal calcaneus (anterior to the sinus tarsi)

inserts- dorsal base of proximal phalanx of hallux (EHB) and lateral side of 2-4 dorsal digital expansions

action- extension of 1-4 toes

innervation- deep fibular nerve

Question 4

abductor hallucis muscle

Answer 4

origin- (1st layer) medial process of calcaneal tuberosity and adjoining plantar fascia

insert- medial based proximal phalanx of hallux

action- abduction and plantarflexion of hallux

innervation- medial plantar nerve

Question 5

flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 5

origin-(1st layer) medial process calcaneal tuberosity and adjoining plantar fascia

insertion- plantar shaft of middle phalanx of toes 2-5

action- plantar flexion proximal interphalangeal joint of toes 2-5

innervation- medial plantar nerve

Question 6

quadratus plantae muscle

Answer 6

origin- (2nd layer) medial/lateral plantar calcaneus both anterior to tuberosity (2 heads)

insert- Flexor digitorum longus tendon, proximal to the division into 4 tendons

action- straightens line of pull for FDL

innervation- lateral plantar nerve

Question 7

lumbricals (2nd layer)

Answer 7

origin- 1st lumbrical medial side of FDL tendon to 2nd toe then 2-4 lumbricals medial and lateral sides of FDL tendons

insert- medial side of 2-5 dorsal digital expansions

action- plantarflexion 2-5 MPJ and extension 2-5 IPJ

innervation- 1st lumbrical- medial plantar nerve
2-4-lateral plantar nerve

Question 8

flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle

Answer 8

origin- (3rd layer) plantar base 5th met and fibularis longus tendon

insert- plantar lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe

action- flexion and abduction of 5th toe at MPJ

innervation- lateral plantar

Question 9

plantar interossei muscles

Answer 9

origin- (4th layer) base and medial shaft of 3-5 mets

insert- medial base proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion toes 3-5

action- adduction of ties 3-5

innervation- lateral plantar

Question 10

dorsal interossei muscles

Answer 10

origin (4th layer)- from both sides of proximal shaft of each intermetatarsal space

insert- dorsal digital expansion of 2-4 toes

action- abduction of toes 2-4

innervation - lateral plantar

Question 11

tibialis anterior muscle

Answer 11

origin- proximal 2/3 lateral tibia and interosseous membrane

insert-medial and plantar surfaace of the medial cuneiform and 1st met base

action- dorsiflex and invert foot

inn- deep fibular nerve

Question 12

extensor hallucis longus

Answer 12

origin- middle 1/3 medial fibula and adjoining interosseous membrane

insert- dorsal base of distal phalanx of hallux

action- extend IPJ of hallux and 1st MTPJ, dorsiflex and invert foot

inn- deep fibular

Question 13

extensor digitorum longus

Answer 13

origin- proximal 2/3 medial fibula and lateral tibial condyle

insert- tendons become dorsal digital expansion and insert into the dorsal middle/distal phalanx of 2-5 toes

action- extend 2-5 toes at proximal and distal ipj and mpj, dorsiflex and evert foot

inn-deep fib

Question 14

fibularis tertius

Answer 14

origin- distal 1/3 medial fibula and interosseous membrane

insert-dorsal base and proximal shaft of 5th met

action- dorsiflex and evert foot

inn- deep fib

Question 15

fibularis longus

Answer 15

origin- proximal 2/3 lateral fibula

insert- plantar medial cuneiform and 2st metatarsal base

action- evert and plantarflex foot

inn- superficial fib

Question 16

fibularis brevis

Answer 16

origin- dista 2/3 lateral fibula

insert- lateral styloid process

action- evert and plantar flex foot

inn-superifical fib

Question 17

gastrocnemius

Answer 17

origin- medial head: posterior surface of medial condyle of femur, lat head: lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur

insert- forms part of achilles tendon which inserts into mid 1/3 posterior calcaneus

action- plantar flex foot and flex knee

inn- tibial

Question 18

soleus

Answer 18

origin- proximal 1/3 posterior fibula, tendinous arch, soleal line and middle 1/3 medial tibia

insert- forms part of achilles tendon, inserts mid 1/3 posterior calcaneus

action-plantar flex foot

inn- tibial n

Question 19

popliteus

Answer 19

origin- lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle

insert- superior to soleal line on posterior tibia

action- rotate femur on tibia and unlock extended knee

inn- tibial

Question 20

flexor digitorum longus

Answer 20

origin - distal to soleal line and medial to vertical line posterior tibia, middle 2/4ths

inserts- plantar base of distal phalanx 2-5 toes

action- flex 2-5 IPJ and MPJ, plantar flex and invert foot

inn- tibial

Question 21

tibialis posterior muscle

Answer 21

origin- proximal 2/3 posterior interosseous membrane and posterior surfaces of tibia and fibula

insert- navicular tuberosity, all cuneiforms, cuboid and 2-4 met bases

action- plantarflex and invert foot

inn- tibial

Question 22

flexor hallucis longus

Answer 22

origin- distal 2/3 posterior fibula and interosseous membrane

insert-plantar base of distal phalanx of hallux

action- flex halluc IPJ and 1st MTPJ, PLANTARFLEX AND INVERT Foot

inn- tibial