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Chem 1 > Wk 5 & 6 Quizzes, Exam 2 jeopardy > Flashcards

Wk 5 & 6 Quizzes, Exam 2 jeopardy Flashcards

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1
Q

High levels of which lipoprotein class are associated with decreased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis?

Chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL

A

HDL

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2
Q

Which of the following lipid results would be expected to be falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a non-fasting patient?

Cholesterol
Triglyceride
HDL
LDL

A

Triglyceride

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3
Q

The function of the major lipid components of the very-low density lipoproteins is to transport:

Cholesterol from the peripheral cells
Cholesterol and phospholipids to peripheral cells
Exogenous triglycerides
Endogenous triglycerides

A

Endogenous triglycerides

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3
Q

Turbidity in serum suggests elevation of:

Total protein
Albumin
Cholesterol
Chylomicrons

A

Chylomicrons

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4
Q

A pregnant patient with a fasting glucose of 101 mg/dL is given a 3 hour glucose tolerance test the next day with a 100 gram glucose load. The results are as follows:

Fasting: 98 mg/dL
1-hr: 190 mg/dL
2-hr: 162 mg/dL
3-hr: 132 mg/dL

What is the patient’s diagnosis?

Gestational diabetes
Type II diabetes
Normal lab results, no diagnosis can be made
Pre-diabetic

A

Gestational diabetes

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5
Q

A diabetic patient comes into the doctor’s office with a fasting blood sugar of 192 mg/dL and a HbA1c value of 14%. Based on these results, what statement best describes the patient.

Diabetes mellitus is managed

Diabetes mellitus if not managed

Values not indicative of diabetes mellitus

A

Diabetes mellitus if not managed

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6
Q

Of the following glucose levels, which would you expect to result in glucose in the urine?

32 mg/dL
162 mg/dL
172 mg/dL
193 mg/dL

A

193 mg/dL

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7
Q

Diabetic condition formed when a person’s own immune system destroys the islet cells of the pancreas, resulting in impaired production of insulin.

Type I diabetes
Type II diabetes
Gestational diabetes

A

Type I diabetes

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8
Q

CSF total protein is considered to be what percentage of the total blood protein value?

0.5-1.0%
60-70%
20-30%
10-15%

A

0.5-1.0%

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9
Q

A patient goes to the ER with increased fluid retention in the chest and complains of pain when taking a breath (pleuisy). The doctor removes fluid from the chest and it reveals increased white and red cell counts, low protein, and has a notably odor. What procedure was utilized to extract the fluid and what type of fluid resulted from the extraction?

Thorocentesis, exudate
Paracentesis, exudate
Pleuralcentesis, transudate
Thorocentesis, transudate

A

Thorocentesis, exudate

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10
Q

A cloudy synovial fluid with a WBC count of 150,000, no viscosity, and monosodium urate crystals noted is consistent with which process?

Inflammatory
Non-inflammatory
Hemorrhagic
Crystal induced

A

Crystal induced

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11
Q

Which of the following conditions is associated with the formation of an exudate?

Congestive heart failure
Pneumonia
Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome

A

Pneumonia

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12
Q

Electrolyte essential for myocardial contraction and important to maintain normal levels for critically ill patients.

Chloride
Calcium
Sodium
Zinc

A

Calcium

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13
Q

A patient presents to the ER with severe dehydration, dilute urine production, and constant “thirst” sensation. It is revealed that the patient had recently (1 week ago) fallen off a ladder and suffered trauma to the head. Given this information, what lab test should be performed?

ADH/AVP
Aldosterone
Renin
Angiotensinogen

A

ADH/AVP

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14
Q

Second most abundant anion in extracellular fluid.

Chloride
Phosphate
Carbonic acid
Bicarbonate

A

Bicarbonate

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15
Q

Of the total serum osmolality; sodium, chloride, and bicarb normally contribute what percent?

92
8
45
72

A

92

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16
Q

What is the best interpretation of the following results?

pH=7.33 (7.35-7.45)
CO2= 27 (35-45)
HCO3= 14 (22-29)

Metabolic alkalosis with full compensation
Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation
Metabolic acidosis with no compensation
Respiratory acidosis with partial compensation

A

Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation

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17
Q

Which parameter on a blood gas analysis is calculated instead of being directly measured.

pH
HCO3
pO2
pCO2

A

HCO3

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18
Q

The unique structure of hemoglobin allows it to act as both an acid-base buffer and O2 buffer.

True
False

A

True

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19
Q

An increase in H+ ions, a decrease in pH, and a decrease in HCO3 results in what acid-base disorder?

Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Metabolic Acidosis

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20
Q

What is the reference range for a fasting glucose?

a. 40-400 mg/dL
b. 70-110 mg/dL
c. 70-99 mg/dL
d. 40-80 mg/dL

A

c. 70-99 mg/dL

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21
Q

Which of the following is a non-reducing sugar

a. glucose
b. maltose
c. fructose
d. sucrose

A

d. sucrose

22
Q

Which of the following HA1C results would best correlate with an estimated average glucose of 126 mg/dL?

a. 8%
b. 12%
c. 6%
d. 10%

A

c. 6%

23
Q

Which of the following criteria would not be diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?

a. A random glucose of 230 mg/dL
b. A hemoglobin A1c result of 11.1%
c. A fasting glucose of 110 mg/dL
d. 2-hour post glucose load of 444 gm/dL

A

c. A fasting glucose of 110 mg/dL

24
Q

The conversion of glucose, and other hexoses, into lactate and pyruvate for production of energy is called:

a. Glycogenesis
b. Glycogenolysis
c.Gluconeogenesis
d. Glycolysis

A

d. Glycolysis

25
Q

Which tube in CSF collections is typically used for chemistry testing?

a. Tube 4
b. Tube 3
c. Tube 2
d. Tube 1

A

d. Tube 1

26
Q

Total protein in CSF represents what % of that of plasma?

a.0.0-0.5%
b.0.5-1%
c.5%
d.8%

A

b.0.5-1%

27
Q

Hyaluronidase is typically added to what type of fluid prior to analysis?

a.Synovial
b.Pleural
c.Pericardial
d.CSF
e.Ascities

A

a.Synovial

28
Q

A patient has a glucose of 140 mg/dL, what would you expect their CSF glucose result to be?

a. 125 mg/dL
b. 105 mg/dL
c. 92 mg/dL
d. 70 mg/dL

A

c. 92 mg/dL

29
Q

CSF electrophoresis is used for the diagnosis of?

a. Cystic fibrosis
b. Multiple myeloma
c. Multiple sclerosis
d. Waldenstroms macroglulinemia

A

c. Multiple sclerosis

30
Q

Lipids are composed mainly of these types of bonds.

a. Carbon-hydrogen
b. Carbon-oxygen
c. Nitrogen-hydrogen
d. Oxygen-hydrogen

A

a. Carbon-hydrogen

31
Q

Which does not describe phospholipids.

a. Hydrophilic head group
b. Unsaturated steroid alcohol
c. Amphipathic
d. Synthesized in all organs

A

b. Unsaturated steroid alcohol

32
Q

Use the following information to calculate the patients LDL result: HDL = 70 mg/dL, Triglycerides =100 mg/dL, and Total Cholesterol = 200 mg/dL

a. 100 mg/dL
b. 50 mg/dL
c. -10 mg/dL
d. 110 mg/dL

A

d. 110 mg/dL

33
Q

Looking at the lipoprotein analysis determine the following of the patient: Total Cholesterol = 250 mg/dL, LDL = 170, HDL = 55 mg/dL, Triglycerides = 505 mg/dL

a. Acceptable analysis
b. Borderline analysis
c. High analysis

A

c. High analysis

34
Q

Which lipoprotein has the job of transporting exogenous triglycerides?

a. VLDL
b. HDL
c. Chylomicron
d. LDL

A

c. Chylomicron

35
Q

This is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid and determines the osmolality of plasma.

a. Potassium
b. Magnesium
c. Chloride
d. Sodium

A

d. Sodium

36
Q

Functions of this electrolyte includes: ICF volume, contraction of the heart, and hydrogen ion concentration?

a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Magnesium

A

b. Potassium

37
Q

This is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism.

a. Potassium
b. Phosphate
c. Bicarbonate
d. Uric acid
e. Lactate

A

e. Lactate

38
Q

Which is not a hormone that helps to regulate calcium?

a. PTH
b. Vitamin D
c. Calcitonin
d. AVP

A

d. AVP

39
Q

Which type of tube can not be used to run electrolytes on?

a. Gold
b. Green
c. Lavender

A

c. Lavender

40
Q

What is the normal range for pH?

a. 7.25-7.35
b. 7.30-7.40
c. 7.35-7.45
d. 7.40-7.50

A

c. 7.35-7.45

41
Q

A buffer consists of a _____ and a salt of its conjugate base?

a. Strong acid
b. Weak acid
c. Strong base
d. Weak base

A

b. Weak acid

42
Q

What is the ration of HCO3:H2CO3 that implies that full compensation has occurred?

a. 15:1
b. 10:1
c. 20:1

A

c. 20:1

43
Q

An increase in H+, a decrease in pH, and an increase in pCO2 indicate which disorder?

a. Respiratory alkalosis
b. Respiratory acidosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis

A

b. Respiratory acidosis

44
Q

What is the expected pO2 mmHg in arterial circulation?

a. 40 mmHg
b. 149 mmHg
c. 20 mmHg
d. 90 mmHg

A

d. 90 mmHg

45
Q

What is the index value of CSF to serum albumin that indicates an intact blood brain barrier?

a. <5
b. <9
c. <1
d. >1
e. >5

A

b. <9

46
Q

What is the Friedewald calculation and at what level of triglycerides can it not be used?

2Na + (Glucose/20) + (BUN/3)
(Na + K) - (Cl+HCO3)
LDL = Total Cholesterol - HDL - (TG/5)

A

LDL = Total Cholesterol - HDL - (TG/5)

Can’t be used if triglycerides >500

47
Q

Formation of glucose-6-phosphate from non-carbohydrate sources

Glycolysis
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenesis
Gluconeogenesis

A

Gluconeogenesis

48
Q

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy

Glycolysis
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenesis
Gluconeogenesis

A

Glycogenolysis

49
Q

Conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage

Glycolysis
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenesis
Gluconeogenesis

A

Glycogenesis

50
Q

What is the equation for calculated osmolality?

2Na + (Glucose/20) + (BUN/3)
(Na + K) - (Cl+HCO3)
LDL = Total Cholesterol - HDL - (TG/5)

A

Calculated osmolality = 2Na + (Glucose/20) + (BUN/3)

51
Q

What is the equation for the anion gap?

2Na + (Glucose/20) + (BUN/3)
(Na + K) - (Cl+HCO3)
LDL = Total Cholesterol - HDL - (TG/5)

A

Anion gap = (Na + K) - (Cl+HCO3)

52
Q

Which is the fourth most abundant cation in the human body?

Na
K
Mg
Ca

A

Mg

53
Q

Which of the three regulatory hormones for calcium levels is responsible for decreasing calcium levels in the blood?

Calcitonin
PTH
Vitamin D

A

Calcitonin

Chem 1 (6 decks)

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