Wk 5 & 6 Quizzes, Exam 2 jeopardy Flashcards
High levels of which lipoprotein class are associated with decreased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis?
Chylomicrons
VLDL
LDL
HDL
HDL
Which of the following lipid results would be expected to be falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a non-fasting patient?
Cholesterol
Triglyceride
HDL
LDL
Triglyceride
The function of the major lipid components of the very-low density lipoproteins is to transport:
Cholesterol from the peripheral cells
Cholesterol and phospholipids to peripheral cells
Exogenous triglycerides
Endogenous triglycerides
Endogenous triglycerides
Turbidity in serum suggests elevation of:
Total protein
Albumin
Cholesterol
Chylomicrons
Chylomicrons
A pregnant patient with a fasting glucose of 101 mg/dL is given a 3 hour glucose tolerance test the next day with a 100 gram glucose load. The results are as follows:
Fasting: 98 mg/dL
1-hr: 190 mg/dL
2-hr: 162 mg/dL
3-hr: 132 mg/dL
What is the patient’s diagnosis?
Gestational diabetes
Type II diabetes
Normal lab results, no diagnosis can be made
Pre-diabetic
Gestational diabetes
A diabetic patient comes into the doctor’s office with a fasting blood sugar of 192 mg/dL and a HbA1c value of 14%. Based on these results, what statement best describes the patient.
Diabetes mellitus is managed
Diabetes mellitus if not managed
Values not indicative of diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus if not managed
Of the following glucose levels, which would you expect to result in glucose in the urine?
32 mg/dL
162 mg/dL
172 mg/dL
193 mg/dL
193 mg/dL
Diabetic condition formed when a person’s own immune system destroys the islet cells of the pancreas, resulting in impaired production of insulin.
Type I diabetes
Type II diabetes
Gestational diabetes
Type I diabetes
CSF total protein is considered to be what percentage of the total blood protein value?
0.5-1.0%
60-70%
20-30%
10-15%
0.5-1.0%
A patient goes to the ER with increased fluid retention in the chest and complains of pain when taking a breath (pleuisy). The doctor removes fluid from the chest and it reveals increased white and red cell counts, low protein, and has a notably odor. What procedure was utilized to extract the fluid and what type of fluid resulted from the extraction?
Thorocentesis, exudate
Paracentesis, exudate
Pleuralcentesis, transudate
Thorocentesis, transudate
Thorocentesis, exudate
A cloudy synovial fluid with a WBC count of 150,000, no viscosity, and monosodium urate crystals noted is consistent with which process?
Inflammatory
Non-inflammatory
Hemorrhagic
Crystal induced
Crystal induced
Which of the following conditions is associated with the formation of an exudate?
Congestive heart failure
Pneumonia
Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome
Pneumonia
Electrolyte essential for myocardial contraction and important to maintain normal levels for critically ill patients.
Chloride
Calcium
Sodium
Zinc
Calcium
A patient presents to the ER with severe dehydration, dilute urine production, and constant “thirst” sensation. It is revealed that the patient had recently (1 week ago) fallen off a ladder and suffered trauma to the head. Given this information, what lab test should be performed?
ADH/AVP
Aldosterone
Renin
Angiotensinogen
ADH/AVP
Second most abundant anion in extracellular fluid.
Chloride
Phosphate
Carbonic acid
Bicarbonate
Bicarbonate
Of the total serum osmolality; sodium, chloride, and bicarb normally contribute what percent?
92
8
45
72
92
What is the best interpretation of the following results?
pH=7.33 (7.35-7.45)
CO2= 27 (35-45)
HCO3= 14 (22-29)
Metabolic alkalosis with full compensation
Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation
Metabolic acidosis with no compensation
Respiratory acidosis with partial compensation
Metabolic acidosis with partial compensation
Which parameter on a blood gas analysis is calculated instead of being directly measured.
pH
HCO3
pO2
pCO2
HCO3
The unique structure of hemoglobin allows it to act as both an acid-base buffer and O2 buffer.
True
False
True
An increase in H+ ions, a decrease in pH, and a decrease in HCO3 results in what acid-base disorder?
Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic Acidosis
What is the reference range for a fasting glucose?
a. 40-400 mg/dL
b. 70-110 mg/dL
c. 70-99 mg/dL
d. 40-80 mg/dL
c. 70-99 mg/dL
Which of the following is a non-reducing sugar
a. glucose
b. maltose
c. fructose
d. sucrose
d. sucrose
Which of the following HA1C results would best correlate with an estimated average glucose of 126 mg/dL?
a. 8%
b. 12%
c. 6%
d. 10%
c. 6%
Which of the following criteria would not be diagnostic of diabetes mellitus?
a. A random glucose of 230 mg/dL
b. A hemoglobin A1c result of 11.1%
c. A fasting glucose of 110 mg/dL
d. 2-hour post glucose load of 444 gm/dL
c. A fasting glucose of 110 mg/dL
The conversion of glucose, and other hexoses, into lactate and pyruvate for production of energy is called:
a. Glycogenesis
b. Glycogenolysis
c.Gluconeogenesis
d. Glycolysis
d. Glycolysis
Which tube in CSF collections is typically used for chemistry testing?
a. Tube 4
b. Tube 3
c. Tube 2
d. Tube 1
d. Tube 1
Total protein in CSF represents what % of that of plasma?
a.0.0-0.5%
b.0.5-1%
c.5%
d.8%
b.0.5-1%
Hyaluronidase is typically added to what type of fluid prior to analysis?
a.Synovial
b.Pleural
c.Pericardial
d.CSF
e.Ascities
a.Synovial
A patient has a glucose of 140 mg/dL, what would you expect their CSF glucose result to be?
a. 125 mg/dL
b. 105 mg/dL
c. 92 mg/dL
d. 70 mg/dL
c. 92 mg/dL
CSF electrophoresis is used for the diagnosis of?
a. Cystic fibrosis
b. Multiple myeloma
c. Multiple sclerosis
d. Waldenstroms macroglulinemia
c. Multiple sclerosis
Lipids are composed mainly of these types of bonds.
a. Carbon-hydrogen
b. Carbon-oxygen
c. Nitrogen-hydrogen
d. Oxygen-hydrogen
a. Carbon-hydrogen
Which does not describe phospholipids.
a. Hydrophilic head group
b. Unsaturated steroid alcohol
c. Amphipathic
d. Synthesized in all organs
b. Unsaturated steroid alcohol
Use the following information to calculate the patients LDL result: HDL = 70 mg/dL, Triglycerides =100 mg/dL, and Total Cholesterol = 200 mg/dL
a. 100 mg/dL
b. 50 mg/dL
c. -10 mg/dL
d. 110 mg/dL
d. 110 mg/dL
Looking at the lipoprotein analysis determine the following of the patient: Total Cholesterol = 250 mg/dL, LDL = 170, HDL = 55 mg/dL, Triglycerides = 505 mg/dL
a. Acceptable analysis
b. Borderline analysis
c. High analysis
c. High analysis
Which lipoprotein has the job of transporting exogenous triglycerides?
a. VLDL
b. HDL
c. Chylomicron
d. LDL
c. Chylomicron
This is the most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid and determines the osmolality of plasma.
a. Potassium
b. Magnesium
c. Chloride
d. Sodium
d. Sodium
Functions of this electrolyte includes: ICF volume, contraction of the heart, and hydrogen ion concentration?
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Chloride
d. Magnesium
b. Potassium
This is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism.
a. Potassium
b. Phosphate
c. Bicarbonate
d. Uric acid
e. Lactate
e. Lactate
Which is not a hormone that helps to regulate calcium?
a. PTH
b. Vitamin D
c. Calcitonin
d. AVP
d. AVP
Which type of tube can not be used to run electrolytes on?
a. Gold
b. Green
c. Lavender
c. Lavender
What is the normal range for pH?
a. 7.25-7.35
b. 7.30-7.40
c. 7.35-7.45
d. 7.40-7.50
c. 7.35-7.45
A buffer consists of a _____ and a salt of its conjugate base?
a. Strong acid
b. Weak acid
c. Strong base
d. Weak base
b. Weak acid
What is the ration of HCO3:H2CO3 that implies that full compensation has occurred?
a. 15:1
b. 10:1
c. 20:1
c. 20:1
An increase in H+, a decrease in pH, and an increase in pCO2 indicate which disorder?
a. Respiratory alkalosis
b. Respiratory acidosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Respiratory acidosis
What is the expected pO2 mmHg in arterial circulation?
a. 40 mmHg
b. 149 mmHg
c. 20 mmHg
d. 90 mmHg
d. 90 mmHg
What is the index value of CSF to serum albumin that indicates an intact blood brain barrier?
a. <5
b. <9
c. <1
d. >1
e. >5
b. <9
What is the Friedewald calculation and at what level of triglycerides can it not be used?
2Na + (Glucose/20) + (BUN/3)
(Na + K) - (Cl+HCO3)
LDL = Total Cholesterol - HDL - (TG/5)
LDL = Total Cholesterol - HDL - (TG/5)
Can’t be used if triglycerides >500
Formation of glucose-6-phosphate from non-carbohydrate sources
Glycolysis
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy
Glycolysis
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis
Conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage
Glycolysis
Glycogenolysis
Glycogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenesis
What is the equation for calculated osmolality?
2Na + (Glucose/20) + (BUN/3)
(Na + K) - (Cl+HCO3)
LDL = Total Cholesterol - HDL - (TG/5)
Calculated osmolality = 2Na + (Glucose/20) + (BUN/3)
What is the equation for the anion gap?
2Na + (Glucose/20) + (BUN/3)
(Na + K) - (Cl+HCO3)
LDL = Total Cholesterol - HDL - (TG/5)
Anion gap = (Na + K) - (Cl+HCO3)
Which is the fourth most abundant cation in the human body?
Na
K
Mg
Ca
Mg
Which of the three regulatory hormones for calcium levels is responsible for decreasing calcium levels in the blood?
Calcitonin
PTH
Vitamin D
Calcitonin
