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Chem 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Match the type of CK isoenzyme with its specificity: Cardiac

-CK-MB
-CK-MM
-CK-BB

A

CK-MB

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2
Q

Match the type of CK isoenzyme with its specificity: Muscle

-CK-MB
-CK-MM
-CK-BB

A

CK-MM

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3
Q

Match the type of CK isoenzyme with its specificity: Brain

-CK-MB
-CK-MM
-CK-BB

A

CK-BB

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4
Q

Amylase is more specific to pancreatitis than lipase.

True
False

A

False

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5
Q

This test has greater specificity to liver damage.

-AST
-ALP
-Acid phosphatase
-ALT

A

ALT

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6
Q

In many reactions, we are looking at the reaction of the cofactor NADH to NAD to determine the value of the enzyme.

True
False

A

True

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7
Q

This enzyme has a short half-life and is found in the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney.

-ALT
-AST
-GGT
-CK

A

AST

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8
Q

The hook effect refers to high concentrations of analyte producing a lower signal than expected.

True
False

A

True

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9
Q

Match the type of inhibitor with the description:
These associate with enzymes at places other than the active site.

-Uncompetitive
-Non-competitive
-Competitive

A

Non-competitive

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10
Q

Match the type of inhibitor with the description:
These bind only to the ES complex.

-Uncompetitive
-Non-competitive
-Competitive

A

Uncompetitive

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11
Q

Match the type of inhibitor with the description:
These share structural features found in the substrate.

-Uncompetitive
-Non-competitive
-Competitive

A

Competitive

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12
Q

In this state, not all enzyme sites are saturated with substrate and substrate concentration is the rate-limiting step.

-First-order kinetics
-Zero-order kinetics
-Post-zone phenomenon
-Last-order kinetics

A

First-order kinetics

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13
Q

What is a zymogen?

-The protein portion of an enzyme
-An inactive, secreted form of the enzyme
-A cavity other than the active site
-The complete, active enzyme complex

A

An inactive, secreted form of the enzyme

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14
Q

The following statement could be used to describe zero-order kinetics:
Substrate is present in excess, rate of reaction is constant with time and dependent only on the concentration of enzyme in the system.

True
False

A

True

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15
Q

When measuring enzyme activity, if the instrument is operating at 50 C lower than the temperature prescribed for the method, how would the results be affected?

-Lower than expected
-Higher than expected
-Varied, showing no pattern in results
-All would be clinically abnormal

A

Lower than expected

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16
Q

What does an increase in serum enzyme levels indicate?

-Decreased enzyme catabolism
-Accelerated enzyme production
-Tissue damage and necrosis
-Increased glomerular filtration rate

A

Tissue damage and necrosis

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17
Q

Pathological condition in which the proximal tubules in the kidneys do not reabsorb glucose, amino acids, uric acids, and bicarbonates resulting in their loss to the urine concentrate.

-Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
-Gout
-Congestive heart failure
-Fanconi Syndrome

A

Fanconi Syndrome

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18
Q

This test can be used to monitor alcoholics with liver toxicity

-AST
-ALT
-GGT
-ALP

A

GGT

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19
Q

Which of the following serves as the glomerular filtration rate for clinicians?

-Urea
-Creatinine
-Uric acid
-Ammonia

A

Creatinine

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20
Q

Plasma creatinine levels are determined by all of the following except:

-Relative muscle mass
-Rate of creatine turnover
-Renal function
-Dietary intake of protein

A

Dietary intake of protein

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21
Q

A 56 year old male with gout is given allopurinol then returns to the ER a week later with a uric acid level of 8.6 mg/dL (2.4-7.0 mg/dL). What statement best describes the reason for the uric acid level?

-The patient overdosed on allopurinol
-Allopurinol returned uric acid levels to normal
-The patient did not take prescribed medication

A

The patient did not take prescribed medication

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22
Q

What is an energy source utilized by muscles?

-Creatinine
-Creatine phosphate
-Myoglobin
-Nitrogen

A

Creatine phosphate

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23
Q

This non-protein nitrogen compound is found in the highest concentration in the blood.

-Ammonia
-Uric acid
-Creatinine
-Urea nitrogen

A

Urea nitrogen

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24
Q

Which is not a clinical application of measurement of urea?

-Assess hydration status
-Evaluate liver function
-Verify adequacy of dialysis
-Determine nitrogen balance

A

Evaluate liver function

25
Q

Match the BUN:Creatinine ratio with the correct location of azotemia:
23

-Prerenal
-Postrenal
-Intrarenal

A

Prerenal

26
Q

Match the BUN:Creatinine ratio with the correct location of azotemia:
11

-Prerenal
-Postrenal
-Intrarenal

A

Postrenal

27
Q

Match the BUN:Creatinine ratio with the correct location of azotemia:
8

-Prerenal
-Postrenal
-Intrarenal

A

Intrarenal

28
Q

Which is not a likely cause of decreased BUN?

-High protein dietary intake
-Liver disease
-Severe vomiting
-Increased protein synthesis

A

High protein dietary intake

29
Q

The most frequently used analytic method for creatinine testing is the:

-Enzymatic method
-Kinetic Jaffe reaction
-Jaffe reaction
-Hexokinase

A

Jaffe reaction

30
Q

Which test has the most strict collection requirements that include transporting the specimen on ice and testing immediately?

-Ammonia
-BUN
-Uric acid
-Creatinine Clearance

A

Ammonia

31
Q

This disease is commonly seen in children who have been given aspirin during a viral infection.

-Fanconi’s syndrome
-Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
-Reye’s syndrome
-Gout

A

Reye’s syndrome

32
Q

Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance:
Urine creatinine: 120 mg/dL
Plasma creatinine: 1.5 mg/dL
Urine volume for 12hours: 600 mL
Patient BSA: 2.13

A

53.8

33
Q

Calculate the A/G ratio with a total protein of 7.7 g/dL and an albumin of 4.7 g/dL.

A

1.6

34
Q

Match the description with the disease state:
Severe protein deficiency

Kwashiokor
Marasmus

A

Kwashiokor

35
Q

Match the description with the disease state:
Severe protein and calorie deficiency

Kwashiokor
Marasmus

A

Marasmus

36
Q

Which is a negative acute phase reactant?

-Alpha-1 antitrypsin
-Transferrin
-Alpha-2 macroglobulin
-Haptoglobin

A

Transferrin

37
Q

This protein is known for being a nephrotoxin.

-Myoglobin
-Transferrin
-Haptoglobin
-C- reactive protein

A

Myoglobin

38
Q

This test may be used to assess nutritional status.

-CRP
-Alpha-1 antitrypsin
-Haptoglobin
-Prealbumin

A

Prealbumin

39
Q

Proteins with 10-40% carbohydrates attached are:

-Glycoproteins
-Lipoproteins
-Mucoproteins
-Enzymes

A

Glycoproteins

40
Q

Proteins consist of the elements:

-Carbon
-Oxygen
-Nitrogen
-All of these
-None of these

A

All of these

41
Q

In the stomach ______ breaks down proteins into peptides.

-Papain
-Pepsin
-Sodium chloride
-Pepsid

A

Pepsin

42
Q

When a protein is disturbed and loses its functional and chemical characteristics, it is called:

-Multimer
-Depeptidation
-Denaturation
-Amphoteric

A

Denaturation

43
Q

The most common secondary structure of a protein is:

-Gamma helix
-Alpha helix
-Beta pleated sheet
-Alpha pleated sheet

A

Alpha helix

44
Q

Essential amino acids:

-Must be obtained through diet
-Are synthesized by the body

A

Must be obtained through diet

45
Q

In cerebral spinal fluid, ______% of protein comes from plasma, while ______% comes from the brain.

80%, 20%
90%, 10%
5%, 95%
95%, 5%

A

95%, 5%

46
Q

Which protein has a function to maintain oncotic pressure?

-Albumin
-Prealbumin
-Alpha-1 antitrypsin
-Alpha-2 macroglobulin

A

Albumin

47
Q

When proteins have a more positive charge they are more easily dissolved.

True
False

A

True

48
Q

Which is not true of amino acid analysis?

-Collect sample in a heparin tube
-Blood samples should be drawn after a 2-3 hour fast
-Analysis should be performed immediately or sample frozen
-Plasma should be removed carefully to avoid platelets and white blood cells

A

Blood samples should be drawn after a 2-3 hour fast

49
Q

This type of analytical method measures the amount of light that can pass through a sample at a 180 degree angle from the incident light.

-Fluorometry
-Chemiluminescence
-Turbidimetry
-Nephelometry

A

Turbidimetry

50
Q

Stray light refers to any wavelengths outside the band transmitted by the monochromator.

True
False

A

True

51
Q

Dynodes are a series of anodes with successively higher voltages.

True
False

A

True

52
Q

An advantage of a photocell over a phototube is that a photocell has an external power source and is more sensitive with lower amounts of light.

True
False

A

False

53
Q

Calculate % transmittance through a tube containing 5 layers of solution with an absorbance of 20%.

33%
4%
51%
0.3%

A

33%

54
Q

Beer’s Law is:

-The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light transmitted or inversely proportional to the logarithm of the absorbed light.

-The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed or inversely proportional to the logarithm of the transmitted light.

-The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to both the amount of light transmitted to the logarithm of the absorbed light.

A

The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed or inversely proportional to the logarithm of the transmitted light

55
Q

Place in the correct order. Light gets converted to:

-electrons, amps, volts, absorbance
-electrons, volts, amps, absorbance
-electrons, absorbance, amps, volts
-electrons, absorbance, volts, amps

A

electrons, amps, volts, absorbance

56
Q

This type of lamp is used in visible and infrared regions and is the most common type:

-Mercury vapor
-Hydrogen
-Deuterium
-Tungsten

A

Tungsten

57
Q

Visible light falls between the color ______ at 400 nm and _____ at 700 nm.

-red, violet
-green, red
-violet, red
-violet, orange

A

violet, red

58
Q

Which is the order that you would expect to see in LD isoenzymes in a patient who has had a heart attack.

-LD1>LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5
-LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4>LD5
-LD5>LD4>LD3>LD2>LD1
-LD1>LD3>LD2>LD4>LD5

A

LD1>LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5

Chem 1 (6 decks)

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