Exam 1 Flashcards
Match the type of CK isoenzyme with its specificity: Cardiac
-CK-MB
-CK-MM
-CK-BB
CK-MB
Match the type of CK isoenzyme with its specificity: Muscle
-CK-MB
-CK-MM
-CK-BB
CK-MM
Match the type of CK isoenzyme with its specificity: Brain
-CK-MB
-CK-MM
-CK-BB
CK-BB
Amylase is more specific to pancreatitis than lipase.
True
False
False
This test has greater specificity to liver damage.
-AST
-ALP
-Acid phosphatase
-ALT
ALT
In many reactions, we are looking at the reaction of the cofactor NADH to NAD to determine the value of the enzyme.
True
False
True
This enzyme has a short half-life and is found in the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney.
-ALT
-AST
-GGT
-CK
AST
The hook effect refers to high concentrations of analyte producing a lower signal than expected.
True
False
True
Match the type of inhibitor with the description:
These associate with enzymes at places other than the active site.
-Uncompetitive
-Non-competitive
-Competitive
Non-competitive
Match the type of inhibitor with the description:
These bind only to the ES complex.
-Uncompetitive
-Non-competitive
-Competitive
Uncompetitive
Match the type of inhibitor with the description:
These share structural features found in the substrate.
-Uncompetitive
-Non-competitive
-Competitive
Competitive
In this state, not all enzyme sites are saturated with substrate and substrate concentration is the rate-limiting step.
-First-order kinetics
-Zero-order kinetics
-Post-zone phenomenon
-Last-order kinetics
First-order kinetics
What is a zymogen?
-The protein portion of an enzyme
-An inactive, secreted form of the enzyme
-A cavity other than the active site
-The complete, active enzyme complex
An inactive, secreted form of the enzyme
The following statement could be used to describe zero-order kinetics:
Substrate is present in excess, rate of reaction is constant with time and dependent only on the concentration of enzyme in the system.
True
False
True
When measuring enzyme activity, if the instrument is operating at 50 C lower than the temperature prescribed for the method, how would the results be affected?
-Lower than expected
-Higher than expected
-Varied, showing no pattern in results
-All would be clinically abnormal
Lower than expected
What does an increase in serum enzyme levels indicate?
-Decreased enzyme catabolism
-Accelerated enzyme production
-Tissue damage and necrosis
-Increased glomerular filtration rate
Tissue damage and necrosis
Pathological condition in which the proximal tubules in the kidneys do not reabsorb glucose, amino acids, uric acids, and bicarbonates resulting in their loss to the urine concentrate.
-Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
-Gout
-Congestive heart failure
-Fanconi Syndrome
Fanconi Syndrome
This test can be used to monitor alcoholics with liver toxicity
-AST
-ALT
-GGT
-ALP
GGT
Which of the following serves as the glomerular filtration rate for clinicians?
-Urea
-Creatinine
-Uric acid
-Ammonia
Creatinine
Plasma creatinine levels are determined by all of the following except:
-Relative muscle mass
-Rate of creatine turnover
-Renal function
-Dietary intake of protein
Dietary intake of protein
A 56 year old male with gout is given allopurinol then returns to the ER a week later with a uric acid level of 8.6 mg/dL (2.4-7.0 mg/dL). What statement best describes the reason for the uric acid level?
-The patient overdosed on allopurinol
-Allopurinol returned uric acid levels to normal
-The patient did not take prescribed medication
The patient did not take prescribed medication
What is an energy source utilized by muscles?
-Creatinine
-Creatine phosphate
-Myoglobin
-Nitrogen
Creatine phosphate
This non-protein nitrogen compound is found in the highest concentration in the blood.
-Ammonia
-Uric acid
-Creatinine
-Urea nitrogen
Urea nitrogen
Which is not a clinical application of measurement of urea?
-Assess hydration status
-Evaluate liver function
-Verify adequacy of dialysis
-Determine nitrogen balance
Evaluate liver function
Match the BUN:Creatinine ratio with the correct location of azotemia:
23
-Prerenal
-Postrenal
-Intrarenal
Prerenal
Match the BUN:Creatinine ratio with the correct location of azotemia:
11
-Prerenal
-Postrenal
-Intrarenal
Postrenal
Match the BUN:Creatinine ratio with the correct location of azotemia:
8
-Prerenal
-Postrenal
-Intrarenal
Intrarenal
Which is not a likely cause of decreased BUN?
-High protein dietary intake
-Liver disease
-Severe vomiting
-Increased protein synthesis
High protein dietary intake
The most frequently used analytic method for creatinine testing is the:
-Enzymatic method
-Kinetic Jaffe reaction
-Jaffe reaction
-Hexokinase
Jaffe reaction
Which test has the most strict collection requirements that include transporting the specimen on ice and testing immediately?
-Ammonia
-BUN
-Uric acid
-Creatinine Clearance
Ammonia
This disease is commonly seen in children who have been given aspirin during a viral infection.
-Fanconi’s syndrome
-Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
-Reye’s syndrome
-Gout
Reye’s syndrome
Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance:
Urine creatinine: 120 mg/dL
Plasma creatinine: 1.5 mg/dL
Urine volume for 12hours: 600 mL
Patient BSA: 2.13
53.8
Calculate the A/G ratio with a total protein of 7.7 g/dL and an albumin of 4.7 g/dL.
1.6
Match the description with the disease state:
Severe protein deficiency
Kwashiokor
Marasmus
Kwashiokor
Match the description with the disease state:
Severe protein and calorie deficiency
Kwashiokor
Marasmus
Marasmus
Which is a negative acute phase reactant?
-Alpha-1 antitrypsin
-Transferrin
-Alpha-2 macroglobulin
-Haptoglobin
Transferrin
This protein is known for being a nephrotoxin.
-Myoglobin
-Transferrin
-Haptoglobin
-C- reactive protein
Myoglobin
This test may be used to assess nutritional status.
-CRP
-Alpha-1 antitrypsin
-Haptoglobin
-Prealbumin
Prealbumin
Proteins with 10-40% carbohydrates attached are:
-Glycoproteins
-Lipoproteins
-Mucoproteins
-Enzymes
Glycoproteins
Proteins consist of the elements:
-Carbon
-Oxygen
-Nitrogen
-All of these
-None of these
All of these
In the stomach ______ breaks down proteins into peptides.
-Papain
-Pepsin
-Sodium chloride
-Pepsid
Pepsin
When a protein is disturbed and loses its functional and chemical characteristics, it is called:
-Multimer
-Depeptidation
-Denaturation
-Amphoteric
Denaturation
The most common secondary structure of a protein is:
-Gamma helix
-Alpha helix
-Beta pleated sheet
-Alpha pleated sheet
Alpha helix
Essential amino acids:
-Must be obtained through diet
-Are synthesized by the body
Must be obtained through diet
In cerebral spinal fluid, ______% of protein comes from plasma, while ______% comes from the brain.
80%, 20%
90%, 10%
5%, 95%
95%, 5%
95%, 5%
Which protein has a function to maintain oncotic pressure?
-Albumin
-Prealbumin
-Alpha-1 antitrypsin
-Alpha-2 macroglobulin
Albumin
When proteins have a more positive charge they are more easily dissolved.
True
False
True
Which is not true of amino acid analysis?
-Collect sample in a heparin tube
-Blood samples should be drawn after a 2-3 hour fast
-Analysis should be performed immediately or sample frozen
-Plasma should be removed carefully to avoid platelets and white blood cells
Blood samples should be drawn after a 2-3 hour fast
This type of analytical method measures the amount of light that can pass through a sample at a 180 degree angle from the incident light.
-Fluorometry
-Chemiluminescence
-Turbidimetry
-Nephelometry
Turbidimetry
Stray light refers to any wavelengths outside the band transmitted by the monochromator.
True
False
True
Dynodes are a series of anodes with successively higher voltages.
True
False
True
An advantage of a photocell over a phototube is that a photocell has an external power source and is more sensitive with lower amounts of light.
True
False
False
Calculate % transmittance through a tube containing 5 layers of solution with an absorbance of 20%.
33%
4%
51%
0.3%
33%
Beer’s Law is:
-The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light transmitted or inversely proportional to the logarithm of the absorbed light.
-The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed or inversely proportional to the logarithm of the transmitted light.
-The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to both the amount of light transmitted to the logarithm of the absorbed light.
The concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed or inversely proportional to the logarithm of the transmitted light
Place in the correct order. Light gets converted to:
-electrons, amps, volts, absorbance
-electrons, volts, amps, absorbance
-electrons, absorbance, amps, volts
-electrons, absorbance, volts, amps
electrons, amps, volts, absorbance
This type of lamp is used in visible and infrared regions and is the most common type:
-Mercury vapor
-Hydrogen
-Deuterium
-Tungsten
Tungsten
Visible light falls between the color ______ at 400 nm and _____ at 700 nm.
-red, violet
-green, red
-violet, red
-violet, orange
violet, red
Which is the order that you would expect to see in LD isoenzymes in a patient who has had a heart attack.
-LD1>LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5
-LD2>LD1>LD3>LD4>LD5
-LD5>LD4>LD3>LD2>LD1
-LD1>LD3>LD2>LD4>LD5
LD1>LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5
