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Chem 1 > Final review Jeopardy > Flashcards

Final review Jeopardy Flashcards

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1
Q

Stray light refers to any wavelengths outside the band transmitted by the monochromator.

True
False

A

True

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2
Q

This test can be used to monitor alcoholics with liver toxicity.

A

GGT

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3
Q

What is the most common secondary structure of a protein

A

Alpha helix

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4
Q

What test serves as the glomerular filtration rate for clinicians?

A

Creatinine

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5
Q

This test may be used to assess nutritional status

A

Prealbumin

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6
Q

The area between the upper limit of quantitation and the lower limit of quantitation is know as:

A

The linear range

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7
Q

This enzyme has a short half-life and is found in the heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and kidney.

A

AST

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8
Q

Proteins with 10-40% carbohydrates attached are:

A

Glycoproteins

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9
Q

Plasma creatinine levels are not affected by:

A

Dietary intake of protein

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10
Q

This is a disease which can occur as a result of severe protein and calorie deficiency

A

Marasmus

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11
Q

This is the color of visible light seen at 400 nm

A

Violet

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12
Q

Which test has greater specificity to liver damage.

A

ALT

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13
Q

This protein is known for being a nephrotoxin

A

Myoglobin

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14
Q

Individuals with gout often are seen to have elevated levels of this:

A

Uric acid

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15
Q

What is an energy source utilized by muscles?

A

Creatine phosphate

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16
Q

This type of analytical method measures the amount of light that can pass through a sample at 180 degree angle from the incident light.

A

Turbidimetry

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17
Q

What is the order that would be expected to be seen in LD isoenzymes in patient who has had a heart attack.

A

LD1>LD2>LD3>LD4>LD5

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18
Q

Which protein has a function to maintain oncotic pressure?

A

Albumin

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19
Q

What is the pathological condition in which the proximal tubules in the kidneys do not reabsorb glucose, amino acids, uric acids, and bicarbonates resulting in their loss to the urine concentrate.

A

Fanconi Syndrome

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20
Q

In the stomach _____ break down proteins into peptides.

A

Pepsin

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21
Q

Calculate the % transmittance through a tube containing 5 layers of solution with an absorbance of 20%.

A

33%

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22
Q

In this state, not all enzyme sites are saturated with substrate and substrate concentration is the rate-limiting step.

A

First-order kinetics

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23
Q

What protein is a negative acute phase reactant?

A

Transferrin

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24
Q

The most frequently used analytic method for creatinine testing is:

A

Jaffe reaction

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25
Q

Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance:

Urine creat: 87 mg/dL
Plasma creat: 3.2 mg/dL
Urine vol/24 hrs: 810 mL
Patient BSA: 1.92

A

13.7

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26
Q

This type of diabetes is noted to have insulin resistance with an insulin secretory defect due to progressive loss of adequate beta cell insulin secretion.

A

Type 2

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27
Q

What is the type of lipoprotein that is known to contribute to plaque formation?

A

LDL

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28
Q

What is a rare disease of water and salt imbalance?

A

Diabetes insipidus

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29
Q

A decrease in H+ ions, an increase in pH, and increase in HCO3 results in what acid-base disorder?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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30
Q

Which type of pancreatic cell produces glucagon

A

Alpha cells

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31
Q

What is the renal threshold for glucose?

A

180 mg/dL

32
Q

What type of triglycerides are typically solid at room temperature

A

Saturated

33
Q

What is the major extracellular cation?

A

Sodium

34
Q

What is the incremental fraction of oxygen at sea level?

A

21%

35
Q

What lipid test would be expected to be falsely elevated on a serum specimen from a non-fasting patient?

A

Triglycerides

36
Q

How many samples are collected for a three hour GTT?

A

Four

37
Q

High levels of which lipoprotein class is associated with decreased risk of accelerated atherosclerosis?

A

HDL

38
Q

This cation is the fourth most abundant cation in the body and second most abundant intracellularly.

A

Magnesium

39
Q

What is the gas content of pO2 in arterial circulation?

A

90 mmHg

40
Q

Glycated hemoglobin reflects the average glucose for what time period?

A

4-8 weeks

41
Q

What is defined as “breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy”

A

Glycogenolysis

42
Q

Which is the type of lipoprotein that contains the apolipoprotein Apo B48?

A

Chylomicrons

43
Q

Calculate the osmol gap.

Na: 140
Glu: 62
BUN: 35
Measured omso: 300

A

5

44
Q

What type of hemoglobin is unable to bind O2 because iron is in an oxidized rather than a reduced state?

A

Methemoglobin (MetHb)

45
Q

What electrolyte is essential for myocardial contraction and important to maintain normal levels for critically ill patients?

A

Calcium

46
Q

What is the most common method of measuring glucose?

A

Hexokinase

47
Q

Which lipoprotein is the major carrier of endogenous triglycerides?

A

VLDL

48
Q

Calculate the anion gap.
Na: 135
K:4.0
Cl: 94
HCO3: 28

A

17

49
Q

What kind of measurement device is used to measure actual percent oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and typically has 4 wavelengths?

A

CO-oximeters

50
Q

What is the interpretation of these blood gas results?

pH: 7.54 (7.35-7.45)
CO2: 38 (35-45)
HCO3: 34 (22-29)

A

Metabolic alkalosis with no compensation

51
Q

Decreases CSF glucose levels can indicate acute bacterial meningitis

True
False

A

True

52
Q

Name 2 factors that influence drug concentrations and efficacy.

A

Age, gender, genetics, diet, co-administered drugs, naturopathic agents

53
Q

What lipophilic drug is also known as “angel dust”

A

Phencyclidine (PCP)

54
Q

This tumor marker is often elevated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and germ cell tumors.

A

alpha fetoprotein (AFP)

55
Q

What CSF collection tube should chemistries be performed on?

A

Tube 1

56
Q

What term is used to describe the collection method of pleural fluid?

A

Thoracentesis

57
Q

Weak bases are absorbed in the _____

A

intestine

58
Q

What type of drugs are used to treat depression and mood disorders and are named for their chemical structure?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

59
Q

Which tumor marker has both free and bound forms that can be measured to help assist in risk stratification?

A

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

60
Q

What is the generic term for aspirin?

A

Acetylsalicylic acid

61
Q

Monosodium urate crystals are seen in the synovial fluid with what disease state?

A

Gout

62
Q

Changes in concentration of this protein affects free vs bound drugs.

A

Albumin

63
Q

Positive drug screens for this type of substance has wide cross-reactivity with common OTC medications.

A

Amphetamines/Methamphetamines

64
Q

Elevated levels of this tumor marker post treatment for ovarian cancer indicates a poor prognosis.

A

CA-125

65
Q

This potent inhibitor of many enzymes may cause basophilic stippling in RBCs.

A

Lead

66
Q

What test can be performed to determine if the fluid coming from a patient’s nose is sinus or spinal fluid?

A

Beta-transferrin

67
Q

If you have a result for a total phenytoin of 11 ug/mL, what would an approximate value be for the free fraction?

A

1.1 ug/mL
10% free, 90% bound

68
Q

If a person consumes alcohol at the same time as taking this drug, there is a higher risk of hepatic damage

A

Acetaminophen

69
Q

This test is not actually cleared by the FDA as a tumor marker even though there is widespread use of it as one.

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

70
Q

Drugs that can easily cross cell membranes to enter cells and lipid compartments are considered _____

A

highly hydrophobic

71
Q

CSF total protein is considered to be what percentage of the total blood protein value?

A

0.5-1.0%

72
Q

This is the biochemical pathway responsible for a large portion of drug metabolism.

A

Hepatic mixed-function oxidase system (MFO)

73
Q

This toxin is found in solid, liquid, and in solution. It binds to heme iron and high lactic levels are common.

A

Cyanide

74
Q

This tumor marker is primarily used for ovarian cancer and has improved specificity over CA-125

A

Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4)

75
Q

This tumor marker is a modified Lewis blood group antigen.

A

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9)

Chem 1 (6 decks)

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