WK 4 L1 and L2 Sensation/perception- sight

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

The process of by which sense organs gather info about the environment and transmit it to the brain for initial processing.

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

the process by which the brain selects, organises and interprets sensations.

Question 3

Neuropsychology

Answer 3

Explains how the brain fails to function

Question 4

Electrophysiology

Answer 4

how electricity works in the brain
deoxygenated blood- used for activity

Question 5

Transduction

Answer 5

process of converting stimulus Information into neural impulses

Question 6

Vitreous humour

Answer 6

clear liquid in the middle of the eye that makes it take form

Question 7

Pupil

Answer 7

controls the amount of light that enters the eye

Question 8

Iris

Answer 8

two bands of muscle that controls the size of pupil

Question 9

Retina

Answer 9

Tissue at back inside surface of eye that contains photoreceptors and associated neurons

Question 10

Retina function

Answer 10

absorbs light, processes images, sends visual info to brain- made up of rods and cones

Question 11

Cones function

Answer 11

day vision, colour vision, high visual acuity

Question 12

Rods

Answer 12

Night vision, monochromatic vision, low acuity

Question 13

Fovea

Answer 13

small area in retina that contains only cone receptors

Question 14

Dark adaptation

Answer 14

Process in which the eyes become more sensitive to light in low illumination

Question 15

Psychophysics

Answer 15

study of relationship between physical characteristics of stimuli and the sensory experiences that accompany them.

Question 16

Thresholds

Answer 16

our perception of various sensory inputs can only occur when the strength of the stimulus reaches a minimal threshold level of intensity

Question 17

Absolute threshold

Answer 17

the minimum amount of physical energy needed for an observer to notice a stimulus

Question 18

Difference threshold

Answer 18

The lowest level of stimulation required to sense a change in stimulation

Question 19

Method of limits

Answer 19

A series of stimuli are presented to the observer until they reach a limit or point of change in their judgement

Question 20

Form perception

Answer 20

How the brain organises patches of colour and brightness into objects

Question 21

Gestalt psychology

Answer 21

A theory that maintained that the task of perception was to recognise objects in the environment according to the organisation of their elements

Question 22

Gestalt law

Answer 22

law of proximity, similarity, good continuation and closure

Question 23

Law of proximity

Answer 23

elements that are closest together will be perceived as belonging together

Question 24

Law of similarity

Answer 24

similar colours/hues are grouped together

Question 25

Law of closure

Answer 25

Perception is visual binding, closing a shape that isn't there

Question 26

Depth perception

Answer 26

How do we interpret a flat 2D image on the back of the eye as a 3D image

Question 27

cofactors of depth perception

Answer 27

convergence, texture cues and atmospheric haze

Question 28

Convergence

Answer 28

eyes slowly move inward when foviating on an object

Question 29

Texture cues

Answer 29

how texture effects perception in how far away things are

Question 30

Atmospheric haze

Answer 30

things near to you have colour, things further away are washed out

Question 31

Horizon

Answer 31

objects nearest to the horizon appear farthest away

Question 32

Binocular disparity

Answer 32

slight difference in images between left and right eye

Question 33

Stereopsis

Answer 33

taking the least distance in seconds of arc that the individual can perceive binocularly

Question 34

Colour perception

Answer 34

Important for survival

Question 35

Colour perception- wave length

Answer 35

the distance between adjacent waves of radiant energy. in vision most closely associated with the perceptual dimension of hue, measure in nanometers

Question 36

3 physical dimensions of colour

Answer 36

hue, brightness and saturation

Question 37

hue

Answer 37

different wave lengths tend to be perceived as different hues

Question 38

Brightness

Answer 38

the amplitude of the light wave effects the perceived brightness of the colour

Question 39

Saturation

Answer 39

The purity of the light. The more white light a colour has, the less saturated it is.

Question 40

Colour mixing

Answer 40

The addition of two or more lights of different wave lengths

Question 41

Additive colour mixing

Answer 41

superimposing lights. putting more light into the mixture than exists in one light by itself

Question 42

Subtractive colour mixing

Answer 42

removing some wave lengths of light, leaving less light than was originally there.

Question 43

Colour perception theories

Answer 43

trichromatic and opponent process theory

Question 44

Trichromatic theory

Answer 44

experiments showed that any colour could be matched by the additive mixture of just three appropriately chosen colours

Question 45

Opponent process theory

Answer 45

the trichromatic theory could not explain all aspects of vision.