Thinking and language

Question 1

Imagery theory

Answer 1

we think of words and store them as images

Question 2

Deductive reasoning

Answer 2

reasoning from general to specific

Question 3

Inductive reasoning

Answer 3

reasoning from specific to general

Question 4

Deductive fallacy

Answer 4

when deductive reasoning is false

Question 5

Prospect theory

Answer 5

we make decisions based on gains and losses rather than final assets

Question 6

Satisficing

Answer 6

people don’t make the best decisions, they make decisions that are good enough

Question 7

Problem solving

Answer 7

mismatch between present state and goal

Question 8

Problem isopmorphs

Answer 8

two problems with the same structure but different content

Question 9

Knowledge

Answer 9

the convergence of perception, memory and language

Question 10

5 properties of language

Answer 10

arbitrary, generative, structured, dynamic and displacement

Question 11

Arbitrary

Answer 11

relationship between surface form and referent is not obvious from its sound or gesture

Question 12

Structured

Answer 12

units must be arranged in a specific way to convey meaning

Question 13

Generative

Answer 13

infinite number of possible utterances- say sentences that have never been said before

Question 14

Dynamic

Answer 14

language is constantly changing

Question 15

Displacement

Answer 15

language can refer to things and events removed in time or space

Question 16

Units of language

Answer 16

Phonemes and morphemes

Question 17

Phonemes

Answer 17

individual speech sounds, different sets for different languages

Question 18

Morphemes

Answer 18

An abstract concept, not a syllable or word

Question 19

competence

Answer 19

knowing how to interact is a part of communicative competence

Question 20

Closings

Answer 20

Some people refuse to accept closing, won’t end the convo

Question 21

Variables effecting convo

Answer 21

Speaking characteristics, genre, register, setting or context

Question 22

Convo styles

Answer 22

High involvement

Question 23

Language acquisition

Answer 23

relatively rapid- occurs by age 6

Question 24

Overextensions

Answer 24

children overextend words based on form

Question 25

Under-extensions

Answer 25

word is applied in very limited contexts

Question 26

Holophrases

Answer 26

use of word to convey more than one function

Question 27

Comprehension proceeds production

Answer 27

children can comprehend words before they can produce them

Question 28

Critical period hypothesis

Answer 28

a critical age by which acquisition is easier and enhanced

Question 29

Codeswitching

Answer 29

within the multilingual brain, all languages are activated at all times but some receive more or less activation

Question 30

Emblematic code switching

Answer 30

some code switching signals shared ethnicity or membership

Question 31

Situational code switching

Answer 31

switching is triggered by a change in situation

Question 32

Referential code switching

Answer 32

switching occurs because different topics may require different languages

Question 33

Affective code switching

Answer 33

occurs because of rhetorical questions

Question 34

Receiver language

Answer 34

language borrowing material

Question 35

Donor language

Answer 35

language providing the material