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PSYCH100-23A Brain, behaviour and cognition > WK 3 L1 and L2 > Flashcards

WK 3 L1 and L2 Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

nerves

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3
Q

Afferent nerves

A

carry info from our senses, eyes ears and hands to the Central nervous system

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4
Q

Efferent nerves

A

carry info away from the Central nervous system to muscles and glands

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5
Q

Sensory neurons

A

process info from our outside world

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6
Q

Motor neurons

A

send info to our muscles and organs

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7
Q

Interneurons

A

Connect sensory, motor and other interneurons

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8
Q

Support cells/glials

A

Digest dead cells and provide nutrients for new ones

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9
Q

2 types of Glials

A

Astrocyte and Oligodendrocyte

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10
Q

Resting potential

A

Difference in charge between inside and outside of a neuron’s cell

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11
Q

Graded potentials

A

Electrical signals that either increase or decrease polarisation of the membrane

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12
Q

Excitatory

A

inside becomes more positive

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13
Q

inhibitory

A

inside becomes more negative

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14
Q

synapse

A

gap between neighbouring neuron’s

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15
Q

Action potential

A

an electric signal conducted down the axon to the synapse

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16
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulating layer surrounding the Axon Hillock

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17
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

Makes an action potential faster with neurone jumping between nodes of ranvier

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18
Q

Node of ranvier

A

break points between myelin sheath

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19
Q

Presynaptic

A

neutron carrying message

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20
Q

Postsynaptic

A

neuron receiving message

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21
Q

Glutamate

A

excitatory NT

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22
Q

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

A

inhibitory NT

23
Q

Acetylcholine

A

voluntary motor control, attention, learning, sleeping, dreaming, memory

24
Q

Dopamine

A

emotional arousal, pleasure reward and voluntary movement

25
Q

Serotonin

A

sleep/wakefulness, aggression, pain and mood regulation

26
Q

endorphins

A

dulls pain and elevates mood

27
Q

Somatic NS

A

Part of peripheral NS, involved in voluntary and involuntary actions

28
Q

Autonomic NS

A

Part of peripheral NS, conveys info to and from the internal body structures that support basic life functions

29
Q

Sympathetic

A

Component of Autonomic NS, responds to emergency, stops digestion and increases heart rate

30
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Involved in routine activities, regulates blood sugar and heart rate

31
Q

Reflexes

A

Part of CNS, rapid automatic motor responses to sensory info

32
Q

EEG

A

Electroencephalography- Records electrical activity of many neuron’s

33
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging- studies brain anatomy

34
Q

FMRI

A

functional magnetic resonance imaging- studies brain function

35
Q

TMS

A

Transcranial magnetic simulation- Creates magnetic field and interrupts brain processing

36
Q

Hindbrain

A

controls basic functions of life
e.g respiration, heart rate

37
Q

Midbrain

A

Help orient us in the environment- regulates sleep and wakelfulness

38
Q

Forebrain

A

The part that does the most cognition

39
Q

Thalamus

A

Processes sensory information and sends it to different regions of the brain

40
Q

Hypothalamus

A

responsible for fleeing, fighting, feeding and fucking

41
Q

Amygdala

A

Responsible for emotional processing

42
Q

Limbic system

A

Hypothalamus, amygdala and hippocampus- help process motivation, emotion, learning and memory

43
Q

Hippocampus

A

creating and retrieving long term memories

44
Q

Basal ganglia

A

putamen, caudate nucleus and global pallidus- important for intentional movement

45
Q

Gyrus

A

bumps/ridges in the wrinkles of our brain

46
Q

Sulcus

A

grooves in the wrinkle of our brain

47
Q

Lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobe

48
Q

Primary areas

A

process raw sensory info and movement

49
Q

association areas

A

involved in more complex mental processes

50
Q

lateralisation

A

2 sides of the brain split into cerebral hemispheres

51
Q

Corpus callosum

A

connecting both sides of the brain for information crossover

52
Q

neuroplasticity

A

the brain is plastic which means it can change and rewire itself

53
Q

phantom limb syndrome

A

long after a limb has been amputated someone might experience pain where the missing limb would be

54
Q

Neuogenesis

A

growth of new neurons

PSYCH100-23A Brain, behaviour and cognition (12 decks)

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