Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathopharmacology II > Wk 4 Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Wk 4 Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of meningitis?

A

Acute inflammation of the meningeal tissues of the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Infectious meningitis potential etiologies (3)

A

Respiratory infection (PNA)
Bloodstream
Penetrating wound to CSF or brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two most common bacteria that cause meningitis?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Neisseria meningitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of viruses are the most common that cause meningitis?

A

Enteroviruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What else can cause infection meningitis?

A

Fungi, parasites, or toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The meninges are three layers that…

A

Protect the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges?

A

Pia mater
Arachnoid
Dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the inner layer of the meninges?

A

Pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the middle layer of the meninges?

A

Arachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the outer layer of the meninges?

A

Dura mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What layer of the meninges is filled with spinal fluid?

A

Arachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Meningitis is primarily inflammation of the…

A

Pia mater and subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What time of the year does meningitis usually occur?

A

In the fall or winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of infections does meningitis usually follow?

A

Otitis
Sinusitis
Immunocompromised state -PNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is meningitis spread?

A

Respiratory droplet and contact with contaminated saliva or respiratory secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Some patients can become __ of the meningococcal bacteria

A

carriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the disease process of meningitis?

A

Bacteriums are inhaled and attach to the epithelial cells of the nasopharynx and then enter the bloodstream. They travel to the brain and cross the BBB to infect the meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pneumococcal meningitis typically affects…

A

Younger persons, or those over 40

College students, military bases, prisons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can pneumococcal meningitis be prevented?

A

Vaccine for high risk populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the infection of meningitis typically start?

A

Subarachnoid space and CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does meningitis lead to?

A

Increased intracranial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the classic triad of meningitis?

A

Fever
Headache
Stiff neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The headache a patient with meningitis experiences if often described as a __ headache

A

throbbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the additional s/s of meningitis?

A 
N/V
Photophobia
Altered LOC
Seizures
Skin rash
Petechiae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What s/s are specific to meningococcus?
Skin rash | Petechiae
26
What are two physical assessments that can be done to assess for meningitis?
Kernig sign | Brudzinski sign
27
What is a positive Kernig sign?
Resistance to leg extension
28
What is a positive Brudzinski sign?
Neck flexion causes hip/knee flexion
29
What type of meningitis is more fatal?
Bacterial, especially if treatment is not started quickly
30
What is the most common form of meningitis?
Bacterial
31
Bacterial meningitis can kill a patient within __
hours
32
You should never do what as a nurse concerning a patient with bacterial meningitis?
Withhold antibiotics
33
How do you differentiate between a petechiae rash and other types?
If you press against rash (with glass, or something clear) and it doesn't fade then it is petechiae/purpura
34
What are 3 potential long-term effects of bacterial meningitis?
hearing loss seizures brain damage
35
Viral meningitis is a __ form...
milder, don't even see leukocytosis
36
What are the long-term effects of viral meningitis?
Typically there are none
37
Severe bacterial meningitis can cause __ __, and patients can lose fingers/toes/limbs
Septic emboli
38
What are the two most common antibiotics given to treat bacterial meningitis?
Ceftriaxone | Vancomycin
39
What is the brand name of ceftriaxone?
Rocephin
40
When is vancomycin used to treat bacterial meningitis?
In patients who have MRSA
41
Why is acyclovir used in patients with bacterial meningitis?
Prophylactic for herpatic encephalitis, will be stopped once non-viral cause confirmed
42
What is the mainstay of treatment for bacterial meningitis?
Aggressive abx therapy | Steroids
43
What 3 vaccines are recommended to prevent meningitis?
Meningococcus Pneumococcus H. influenzae
44
What is the definition of encephalitis?
Acute inflammation of the brain
45
Encephalitis is almost always caused by a __
virus
46
What viruses can cause encephalitis?
``` West Nile Measles Chicken pox Mumps Herpes 1 ```
47
What is herpatic encephalitis?
HSV 1 causing rapid encephalitis, even causing death
48
When do s/s appear with encephalitis?
2-3 days after infection
49
The s/s of encephalitis can range from...
mild to seizures, coma
50
What are the additional s/s of encephalitis?
Fever Headache N/V
51
What is the brand name for acyclovir?
Zovira
52
What is NOT a benefit of acyclovir for encephalitis?
Only works for HSV, doesn't reduce other neurological complications
53
What are supportive therapies used in the treatment of encephalitis?
Fluids Acetaminophen Anti-emetics Anti-seizure meds
54
Why is someone with encephalitis at risk for seizures?
Increased intracranial pressure
55
What is an accumulation of pus in the brain tissue?
Brain abscess
56
What causes a brain abscess?
``` Local infection (encephalitis) Systemic infection ```
57
Most brain abscesses come from an infection of the...
Ear, tooth, mastoid, or sinuses
58
What are the most common etiologies?
Streptococci or staph aureus
59
Brain abscess can cause a brain __ __ because of the increased pressure
midline shift
60
What might a surgeon do to treat a brain abscess?
Drain the exudate and instill antibiotics
61
What are the s/s of a brain abscess?
Headache Fever N/V
62
What s/s would lead to suspect increased ICP due to the brain abscess?
Drowsiness Confusion Seizures
63
Brain abscess: Focal symptoms may reflect the area that the abscess is in. Example-
Temporal lobe = visual field deficits

Pathopharmacology II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions