Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pathopharmacology II > Wk 3 Migraines > Flashcards

Wk 3 Migraines Flashcards

1
Q

How long does a migraine last?

A

Between 4 and 72 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

To diagnose a migraine, the patient must have TWO of these features… (4)

A

Unilateral head pain
Throbbing pain
Worsens with activity
Moderate/Severe pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In addition, to diagnose a migraine, the patient must also have ONE of these symptoms… (3)

A

N/V
Photophobia
Phonophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is photophobia?

A

Sensitivity to light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is phonophobia?

A

Sensitivity to sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Migraines are typically classified in three ways, which are…?

A

Migraine with aura
Migraine without aura
Chronic migraine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does aura mean?

A

Visual, sensory, or motor symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are chronic migraines?

A

Typically occur as episodic and increase in frequency in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the duration of chronic migraines?

A

At least 15 days a month for 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In women, migraines occur more frequently during…

A

menstruation, before and after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In women, migraines decrease in frequency during…

A

pregnancy and menopause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is estrogen and progesterone believed to trigger migraines in women?

A

The cyclic withdrawal of these hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 3 risk factors for migraines?

A

Family history
Estrogen and progesterone
Genetic and environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List 8 potential triggers for migraines

A 
Fatigue
Oversleeping
Missing meals
Overexertion 
Weather change
Stress
Hormonal changes 
Bright lights or strong smells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the pathophysiology of migraines?

A

There is no identifiable pathophysiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are 2 physiologic associations with migraines?

A

Brain metabolism

Blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the CNS neurotransmitter change theory of migraines

A

There is an increase in neuronal depolarization which results in hyperactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the blood vessel tone theory of migraines

A

Release of excitatory neurotransmitters activates the vascular system which stimulates vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

1/3 of migraine sufferers have __ symptoms

A

premonitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 phases of migraines?

A

Premonitory
Migraine aura
Headache phase
Recovery phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 5 potential symptoms of the premonitory phase?

A 
Fatigue
Irritability
Loss of concentration
Stiff neck
Food cravings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How long do aura symptoms last?

A

Up to 1 hour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How many migraine sufferers experience aura?

A

Up to 1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Aura symptoms can be… (3)

A

Visual, sensory, or motor

25
Throbbing pain in the headache phase usually starts with...
One side of the head and then spreads to the entire head
26
How long does the headache phase last?
4-72 hours
27
What are the symptoms of the headache phase?
``` Throbbing pain Fatigue Nausea Vomiting Dizziness Hypersensitivity to anything touching the head ```
28
What are the symptoms of the recovery phase?
Irritability Fatigue Depression
29
How long does the recovery phase last?
Hours to days before it resolves
30
What is the first line therapy for migraines?
NSAIDs Aspirin Acetaminophen
31
What is abortive therapy?
Symptomatic therapy
32
What is first line therapy for migraines used for?
Mild to moderate attacks without severe nausea and vomiting
33
Why are NSAIDs, aspirin, and acetaminophen tried first?
They can be effective and are less expensive
34
What are triptans?
serotonin (1b/1d) receptor agonists
35
Triptans are often coupled with what type of drug?
NSAIDs
36
If the migraine is accompanied with severe nausea and vomiting, what can be added?
Anti-emetic
37
What is used to moderate-severe attacks without nausea and vomiting?
Oral migraine specific agents as our first line of treatment, sumatriptan and naproxen
38
If the patient cannot tolerate triptans, what is the alternative medication?
Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP) Agonists
39
What drug represents the class of serotonin receptor agonists for migraines?
Sumatriptan
40
What class of drug does sumatriptan belong to?
serotonin receptor agonists
41
What are the 3 MOA of sumatriptan?
- Constrict intracranial blood vessels - Suppress release of inflammatory neuropeptides - Block brain pathways for pain
42
What 3 routes can sumatriptan be give?
PO Intranasal SQ
43
Sumatriptan should be avoided in patients with what 3 conditions?
Heart disease Ischemic stroke Angina
44
What are the major adverse reaction of sumatriptan? (6)
Injection site reaction, chest pain, flushing, weakness, headache, bad taste (nasal)
45
What is the brand name of sumatriptan?
Imitrex
46
What type of drug is rigemepant?
CGRP agonist
47
What drug represents the drug class CGRP agonists?
rigemepant
48
When is rigemepant used?
When triptans aren't tolerated or are contraindicated
49
What is the MOA of rigemepant?
Mediates pain transmission
50
What route is rigemepant given?
PO
51
What is the major adverse reaction of rigemepant?
GI upset
52
What is a nursing consideration of rigemepant?
CYP substrate, use with caution with medications that are inhibitors/inducers of CYP system
53
When is preventative therapy recommended?
When someone suffers more than 4 migraines per month or their migraines last longer than 12 hours, or has chronic migraines
54
What are 4 classes of drugs that are used in preventative therapy for migraines?
Beta-blockers Tricyclic antidepressants Anti-epileptic drugs Estrogens
55
What beta blocker is typically used for preventative migraine therapy?
Propanolol
56
What tricyclic antidepressants are typically used for preventative migraine therapy?
Amitriptyline | Venlafaxine
57
What is the initial preventative therapy for migraines?
Propanolol and amitriptyline/venlafaxine
58
What are anti-epileptic drugs that are use in preventative treatment of migraines?
divaloprex | topiramate

Pathopharmacology II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions