wk 2 1 Topical Treatments

Question 1

advanggtages to topical treatments

Answer 1

direct application

reduced systemic effects

Question 2

disadvantages to topical treatments

Answer 2

time consuming

correct dosage may be difficult

Question 3

creams can be defined as

Answer 3

semisoolid emulsion of oil in water

Question 4

creams contain (2)

Answer 4

emulsifier and preservative

Question 5

cool and moisture
non greasy
easy to apply
high water content

these are all features of which vehicle

Answer 5

cream

Question 6

ointments are described as

Answer 6

semisold grease (soft paraffin)

Question 7

t/f oitnments do not contain preservatives

Answer 7

true

Question 8

ointments have a restricted transepidermal water loss

Answer 8

true

Question 9

lotions are

Answer 9

suspensioin/solution of medication in water, alcohol, or other liquids

Question 10

lotions are effective in treating

Answer 10

scalp/hair-bearing areas (limbs)

Question 11

if lotions contain alcohol, will they sting

Answer 11

yess

Question 12

gels are

Answer 12

thickened aqueous solutions

semi-solids, containing high molecular polymers

Question 13

pastes contain

Answer 13

finely powdered material

Question 14

pastes are difficult to applu

Answer 14

true

Question 15

disadvntags to pastes

Answer 15

itchy

may require moisturiser too

Question 16

foams are composed of 2 phases, describe each

Answer 16

hydrophilic liquid in continous phase

foaming agent in gaseous phase

Question 17

advtange of foams

Answer 17

increased penetration of active agents

sread over large areas

Question 18

emollients enhance _____ of epidermis

Answer 18

rehydration

Question 19

emollients are good for what type of conditions

Answer 19

dry/scaly conditions

Question 20

how much of emollient required to cover whole body

Answer 20

500g/week

Question 21

what else can emollients be used for

Answer 21

soap substitutes

Question 22

tips for emollient prescribtion

Answer 22

immeditately after b athing 
in direction of hair growwth 
make skin slippery
clean spoon to remove from tub 
fire risk - if paraffin

Question 23

wet wrap therapy is used for

Answer 23

xerotic skin (very dry)

Question 24

3 properties o topical steroids

Answer 24

vasoconstrictive
anti-inflam
anti-proliferative

Question 25

eczema and psoriasis can be treated using

Answer 25

topical corticosteroids

Question 26

mild potent topical steroid

Answer 26

hydrocortisone

Question 27

very potent topical steroid

Answer 27

clobetasol proprionate

Question 28

in psoriasis, where would the topical steroid be applied

Answer 28

flexures, face, hairline, scalp

Question 29

problem using steroids for psoriasis

Answer 29

rebound - suppress during course, flares more severly post

trigger pustular psoriasis (emergency)

Question 30

1 application to whole body of topical steroids requires how many g of ointment

Answer 30

20-30g

Question 31

1 fingertip is how manty grams

Answer 31

1/2g

- covers 2 hands

Question 32

side effects of topical steroids

Answer 32

thinning
purpura
stretch marks

inflam
steroid rosacea
perioal dermatitis
fixed telgectasia

worsen/mask infection
systemic absorption (adrenal suppressioin, cushings syndrome)
tachyphylaxis (decrease in response to anti-inflam effects)
rebound flare of disease

Question 33

if applied near the eye, may lead to

Answer 33

glaucoma

cataracts

Question 34

2 non steroidal anti-infalm

Answer 34

calicneurin inhibitors

• tacrolimus
• pimecrolimus (mild)

Question 35

how do calicneurin inhibitors

Answer 35

suppress lymphocyte activation

Question 36

tacrolimus can be applied anywhere

Answer 36

true

Question 37

t/f Calic Inhibitors may cause burning sensation

Answer 37

true

Question 38

calic inhibitors can cause cutanous atrophy

Answer 38

False

Question 39

4 antiseptics

Answer 39

• povidone iodine (betadine) skin cleanser
• Chlorhexidine (Hibitane, Savlon)
• Triclosan (aquasept, sterzac)
• Hydrogen peroxide (crystacide)

Question 40

3 clinical uses for antiseptics

Answer 40

recurrent infections
antibiotic resistance
wound irrigation

Question 41

in acute exudative eczema, what is given

Answer 41

potassium permanganate rinse

Question 42

t/f Herpes simplex requires an oral antiviral

Answer 42

false

topical antiviral

Question 43

shingles and eczema herpeticum can be treated with

Answer 43

oral antivirals

Question 44

candida can be treated with which antifungals

Answer 44

nystatin, clotrimazole

Question 45

ringworm treated with

Answer 45

topical antifungal

clotrimazole

Question 46

pityriasis versicolor can also be called

Answer 46

athletes foot

Question 47

localised itch treated with

Answer 47

capsaicin (from red chili peppers)

Question 48

for pruritus ani, what is used

Answer 48

camphor/ phenol

Question 49

residual itch post treatment of disease is treated with

Answer 49

crotamiton

Question 50

keratolytics are used to soften keratin, 5 incidences when this would be applied

Answer 50

viral warts
hyperkeratotic eczema and psoriasis
corns and calluses
to remove kerartin plaques in scalp

Question 51

treatment of warts 6

Answer 51

keratolytics 
formaldehyde ( if covers whole sole, verucis)
silver nitrate (single, disabling wart) 
podophylin - genital 
cryotherapy
glutaraldehyde

Question 52

topical psoriasis is treated wiith

Answer 52

emollients and a choice of 
- coal tar
vit d 
keratolytic
topical steroid 
dithranol 
(based on site, extent, severity, side effects, compliance)

Question 53

stabble chronic plaque psorisasis is treated by either 3

Answer 53

coal tar

vit d (limited to 100g/wk)

dithranol (stains and burns surrounding)

Question 54

scalp psoriasis

Answer 54

greasy ointments to soften scale
tar shampoo
steroids in alcohol base/shampoo (if inflamed)
vit d analogues

Question 55

psoriasis in flexures

Answer 55

mild topical steroid in combo with antibacterial/fungal