Skin Structure And Function

Question 1

describe the epidermis

Answer 1

stratified cellular epithelium

Question 2

describe the dermis

Answer 2

connective tissue

Question 3

melanocytes are pigment producing cells from the

Answer 3

neural crest

Question 4

t/f dermis is formed from ectoderm

Answer 4

false
epidermis = ectoderm

dermis is formed from mesoderm, below ectoderm

Question 5

developmental growth pattern of skin is called

Answer 5

blaschko’s lines

Question 6

the sub-cutis section of skin consists predominantly of

Answer 6

fat

Question 7

name of muscle which, when contracts, stands the hairs up

Answer 7

arrector pili

Question 8

sebacous gland

Answer 8

oily liquid which lubricates the hair follicle

Question 9

where is the sebacous gland located

Answer 9

dermis

Question 10

stratified squamous epithelium outlines the epidermis, whihc 4 other cells would be found in rthe epidermis

Answer 10

keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells

Question 11

function of langerhan cells

Answer 11

immune cells of skin

Question 12

eccrine sweat glands are uused to

Answer 12

cool the body, found in palms, soles

Question 13

apocrine sweat glands are used to

Answer 13

release sweat using the hair follicle canal 1, most numerous and produces more fluid yet limited to certain areas in body

Question 14

describe epidermal variation between the armpit and sole of foot

Answer 14

armpit - contains both apocrine and eccrine sweat glands, sole of foot only has eccrine

sole of foot - much thicker keratin layer, no haiir follicles

Question 15

regulation of epidermal turnover is controlled by 3, control is lost in 2

Answer 15

growth factors
cell death
hoormones

lost - skin cancer
psoriasis

Question 16

keratinocytes migrate from

Answer 16

basement membrane, allowing for continuous regeneration of epidermis (28d)

Question 17

purpose of basal layer, the innermost layer of the epidermis

Answer 17

continuous division of cells, pushing them up to the epidermis

contains lots of intermediate filaments (keratin)

highly metabolically active

Question 18

where is the prickle cell layer in relation to the basal layer

Answer 18

next layer superficially

Question 19

what layer llies between the keratin layer and prickle cell layer

Answer 19

granular layer

- high lipid content

Question 20

keratin layer is the most superficial layer of the epidermis

Answer 20

true

tight waterproof barrier
composed of keratin (80%) and filaggrin

Question 21

melanocytes function

Answer 21

pigment producing dendritic cells

Question 22

melanocytes convert _____ to melanin pigment

Answer 22

tyrosine

Question 23

melanin is used to protect the ____ ____ in basal cells

Answer 23

nuclear DNA

Question 24

vitiligo is an

Answer 24

autoimmune disease

causes loss of melanocytes

Question 25

albinism occurs due to

Answer 25

genetic partial loss of pigment production

Question 26

nelsons syndrome causes hyperpigmentation due to

Answer 26

too much ACTH - melanin stimulating hormone produced in excess by pituitary gland

Question 27

langerhans cells originate in the

Answer 27

mesenchymal origin (bone marrow)

Question 28

langerhans can be found in the

Answer 28

prickle cell level

also found in deris and lymph nodes

Question 29

t/f langerhans are antigen presenting cells

Answer 29

true

Question 30

merkel cells function

Answer 30

mechanoreceptors located between keratinocytes and nerve fibres

Question 31

where are merkel cells found

Answer 31

basal layer

Question 32

3 phases of hair follicle growth

Answer 32

anagen - growing
catagen - involuting
telogen - resting

Question 33

virilisation is the develop of masculine features and due to

Answer 33

excess androgen from a tumour

Question 34

name for the autoimmune disease causing hair loss

Answer 34

alopecia areata

Question 35

t/f nail root similar to hair bulb

Answer 35

true

Question 36

role of dermo-epidermal junction in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions

Answer 36

support, anchorage, adhesion, growth and differentiation of basal cells

semi-permeable membrane acting as barrier and filter

Question 37

5 cells located in dermis

Answer 37

fibroblasts
macrophages
mast cells 
lymphocytes
langerhans cells

Question 38

2 fibres located in dermis

Answer 38

collagen

elastin

Question 39

6 functioins of the skin

Answer 39

barrier
metabolis, 
thermoregulation
immune defence 
communication 
sensory

Question 40

toxic epidermal necrolysis describes

Answer 40

acute skin failure

Question 41

dysfunctioning metabolic function of skin rsults in

Answer 41

disordered thyroxine metabolism