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PHAM01 > Wk 14: Respiratory OTC 1 (cold + flu) > Flashcards

Wk 14: Respiratory OTC 1 (cold + flu) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of colds + when is it most contagious?

A
  • Rhinovirus
  • 2-3 days
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2
Q

What are the symptoms of colds?

A
  • Runny nose
  • Sneezing
  • Headache
  • Sore throat
  • Ear ache: acutely painful (refer)
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3
Q

What is the cause of flus?

A

RNA virus (orthomyxoviridae)

  • A: frequent + epidemics
  • B: co-circulates w/ A yearly
  • C: mild/asymptomatic infections
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4
Q

What are the symptoms of flus?

A
  • Rapid onset
  • Weakness + fatigue
  • Fever
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5
Q

What are the complications of flus?

A
  • Acute bronchitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Exacerbation of asthma/COPD
  • Otitis media
  • Sinusitis
  • Pregnancy: smaller neonatal size, low birth weight, prematurity
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6
Q

What is the treatment for fever/chills/headaches + muscle aches?

A

Paracetamol - can add aspirin/ibuprofen

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7
Q

What is the treatment for a sore throat?

A
  • Anaesthetics: benzocaine spray/lozenges
  • Antiseptic: chlorhexidine
  • Demulcents: glycerin lemon + honey
  • Analgesic: aspirin gargle
  • Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine
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8
Q

What is the treatment for congestion?

A
  • Nasal wash
  • Decongestants: constrict blood vessels in nasal mucosa
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9
Q

What are examples of oral decongestants?

A
  • Ephedrine
  • Pseudoephedrine
  • Phenylephrine
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10
Q

What are examples of topical decongestants?

A
  • Ephedrine
  • Oxymetazoline
  • Xylometazoline
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11
Q

What are the side effects of decongestants?

A
  • Rebound congestion (topical)
  • CNS stim: don’t take at night (oral)
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12
Q

What are the CI of decongestants?

A
  • HPT/heart disease: stims heart + inc BP
  • Diabetes: inc blood glucose
  • Hyperthyroidism
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13
Q

What are the interactions of decongestants?

A
  • MAOIs
  • Bblockers
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14
Q

What are the legal requirements of pseudoephedrine/ephedrine?

A
  • Max 720mg packs
  • 1 pack per person
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15
Q

What is the treatment for inability to sleep?

A

Antihistamines - promethazine/diphenhydramine:

  • Anticholinergic
  • Red rhinorrhea + sneezing
  • Don’t red nasal congestion
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16
Q

What are the side effects + interactions of antihistamines?

A
  • S/E: Drowsiness + anticholinergic
  • Interactions: alcohol (inc sedative)
17
Q

What are the CI of antihistamines?

A
  • Severe respiratory disease
  • Closed angle glaucoma
  • Prostatic hypertrophy
  • Epilepsy
  • Liver disease
18
Q

What does the MHRA recommend when using OTC preparations to treat children for Colds + flu?

A

Not for under 6

19
Q

In accordance to MHRA, are children allowed codeine?

A
  • Not for < 12: risk of respiratory s/e
  • Not recommended 12-18 w/ breathing problems
20
Q

What are the counselling points for children with a cold/flu?

A
  • Paracetamol
  • Fluids
  • Rest
  • Sleep on side
21
Q

When would you refer children?

A
  • Noisy breathing/wheezing
  • Croup/whooping cough
  • Ear tugging
  • Persistent high temp
  • Persistent nocturnal cough
22
Q

When would you refer adults?

A
  • Asthmatic
  • Coloured mucus
  • Dyspnoea/chest pain
  • Flu in elderly
  • Cardiac/lung disease
23
Q

What can be prescribed for influenza in at risk groups?

A

Antivirals: oral oseltamivir or inhaled zanamivir

24
Q

What are the counselling points when treating a patient w/ a cold/flu?

A
  • Fluids
  • Rest
  • Hand hygiene
  • Vit C
  • Salt water nasal cleaning
  • Avoid over treatment
  • Caution w/ sedative antihistamine
  • Improvement after 1 wk
25
Q

How would you counsel a patient on salt water nasal cleaning?

A
  • Boil water + cool
  • Teaspoon salt + bicarbonate soda
  • Cup 1 hand + sniff water into 1 nostril

PHAM01 (47 decks)

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