Wk 12: Drug use in pregnancy Flashcards
What are the pregnancy changes that occur in a mother?
- Inc total body water
- Inc liver metabolism
- Inc renal blood flow
- Inc plasma protein conc
What are the benefits to taking folic acid?
- Prevents neural tube defects
- 400 mcg daily, 5mg if high risk + vit D
- 3 months before conception
What are the signs of fetal alcohol syndrome?
- Flat midface
- Thin upper lip
- Short nose
- Low nasal bridge
Which food must you avoid?
- Vit A supplements/food high in vit A (liver/fish oil)
- Unpasteurised milk + cheese
- Ripened soft cheese
- Raw/partially cooked egg
- Caffeine
- Seafood
Which vaccinations must you get and avoid during pregnancy?
- Tdap - 27-36 weeks
- Flu vaccine
- Travel vaccine = avoid
Give examples of potential complications in pregnancy
- VTE
- HT
- Preeclampsia
- Gestational diabetes
- Thyroid disorders
- Anaemia
What are treatments for nausea + vomiting?
- Ginger + wrist acupressure
- Oral promethazine
- Oral cyclizine
What is the extreme case of nausea + vomiting?
Hyperemesis gravidarum:
- Severe vom
- Dehydration + weight loss
- Admission: fluid + electrolyte replacement, medication
Treatment for heart burn
- 2nd line: Gaviscon + peptac
- 3rd: Ranitidine + omeprazole
What is the 1st and 2nd choice of laxatives for constipation?
- 1st: bulk forming
- 2nd: lactulose/macrogol
Why is there an inc in urinary frequency when pregnant?
- Hormone changes
- Pressure on bladder from uterus
- Relaxation of pelvic floor muscle
Why should trimethoprim be avoided in cases of a UTI?
- Folate antagonist
- Cardiovascular defects
- Neural tube defects
What are alternative treatment options for UTI?
- Nitrofurantoin: egrf >45, 50mg 4/day
- Penecillin
- Cephalosporins
Why does thrush occur during pregnancy + what medication can be taken?
- Inc oestrogen level
- Topical clotrimazole
Why should NSAIDS be avoided during pregnancy?
- Block blastocyst implantation
- Persistent pulmonary HT of neonate (3rd trimester)
- Inhibit labour
- Cardiac defects
- Cleft palates
