Wk 10: Corticosteroid 1 + 2 Flashcards
Which hormones are secreted by the hypothalamus?
Oxytocin + antidiuretic hormone
What is the pituitary gland controlled by and where is it located?
- Hypothalamus
- Base of brain protected sella turcica
What does the adrenal gland compromise of?
- Outer cortex: reticularis, fasciculata + glomerulosa prod steroids
- Inner medulla: synthesizes, stores + secretes catecholamines
What are critical pharmacological targets?
- Cholesterol desmolase
- 17a + 11b hydroxylases
Give an example of what can happen due to an excess of glucocorticoid
Cushing syndrome:
- Euphoria
- Inc abdominal fat
- Easy bruising
- Thinning of skin
What are the actions of glucocorticoid in carbohydrate + protein metabolism?
- Inc gluconeogenesis
- Dec peripheral utilization of glucose
- Inc glycogen deposition in liver
What are the actions of glucocorticoid in lipid metabolism?
- Redisposition of fat (moon face/buffalo hump)
- Promote adipokinetic agents activity
What affects electrolyte + water balance more?
- Aldosterone
- Act on distal tubule + collecting duct of kidney (inc Na+ reabsorption + urinary excretion of K+ and H+)
How does glucocorticoid affect CVS?
- Restrict capillary permeability
- Maintain tone of arterioles
- Myocardial contractility
Excess glucocorticoid can lead to what in addisons?`
Steroid myopathy
Which medications are said to inc chances of pseudotumor cerebri?
- Glucocorticoid
- Mineralocorticoid
- Amiodarone
- Vit A
- Oral contraceptives
- TCA
How does glucocorticoid affect blood?
- Inc HB + RBC
- Dec lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes + basophils
How does glucocorticoid prevent transplant rejection?
- Dec antigen expression from grafted tissues
- Delay revascularization
- Dec sensitization of T lymphocytes
Outline the mechanism of action of glucocorticoid on inflammatory cells
- Dec egress of neutrophils from blood vessels
- Dec activation: neutrophils, macrophages + mast cells
- Dec activation of TH cells
- Dec clonal proliferation of T cells + switch from TH1 to TH2
- Dec fibroblast function
How does glucocorticoid affect calcium metabolism?
- Dec intestinal absorption
- Inc renal excretion
- Excessive loss of calcium from spongy bones
