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Anat 25 > Wk 10 Endocrine & Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Wk 10 Endocrine & Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

How do hormones travel around the body?

A

Travels via (through) the bloodstream

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2
Q

What type of tissue would you think to find in endocrine organs?

A
  • Simple Columnar Epithelium
  • Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
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3
Q

Nervous System’s Chemical messenger?

A

Neurotransmitter

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4
Q

Endocrine System’s Chemical messenger?

A

Hormones

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5
Q

(Nervous system) How does the signal reach the cells its targeting?

A

Axons

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6
Q

(Endocrine System) How does the signal reach the cells its targeting?

A

Blood

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7
Q

Nervous system’s Response time?

A

Always quick

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8
Q

Endocrine System’s Response time?

A

Slow or fast

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9
Q

(Nervous System) Length of time of effects?

A

Short

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10
Q

(Endocrine System) Length of time of effects?

A

Long or short

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11
Q

(Nervous System) Spread of effects?

A

“Highly specific”

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12
Q

(Endocrine System) Spread of effects?

A

More general

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13
Q

The heart can be found in the mediastinum. Explain where that is inside the body.

A

“Central compartment between lungs that includes the heart”

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14
Q

List the heart’s great vessels:

A
  • Superior vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Pulmonary arteries
  • Pulmonary veins
  • Ascending aorta
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15
Q

What is the function of the pericardium?

A

-Protects large vessels & heart
- Lubricates as way to reduce friction between Heart & structures surrounding it.

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16
Q

What are the layers of the heart itself?

A
  • Epicardium (outer layer)
  • Myocardium (middle, muscular layer)
  • Endocardium (inner layer)
17
Q

What is the most abundant cell found in the heart?

A

Cardiomyocytes (CMs), Fibroblasts (FBs), Endothelial cells (ECs), and Peri-vascular cells

(National Library of Medicine, 2017).

18
Q

What type of intercellular junction allows for the passage of ions and allows heart muscle cells
to contract synchronously?

A

Intercalated discs

19
Q

List the conductive system of the heart in order:

A
  • Sinoatrial node = Pacemaker & sets sinus rhythm
  • Electrical signals are spread across the atria.
  • Atrioventricular node = Delays SA node’s impulse
  • Junctional rhythm = Happens “when AV sets to heart rate”
  • Atrioventricular bundle = “Routes signal into interventricular system”
  • Right & Left bundle branches = Transports signal to heart’s apex
  • Pirkinje fibers = Send “signals from apex to contractile cells inside ventricles” (Schultz).
20
Q

Hypothalamus’ function & location:

A
  • Function: Regulates (controls) pituitary gland
  • Location: below thalamus & above pituitary gland
21
Q

Anterior Pituitary gland’s function & location:

A
  • Function: Regulates reproduction, growth, and metabolism through its hormones.
    “1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    stimulates gamete production
    2. Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates
    production of sex hormones
    ─ triggers ovulation in females
    3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
    stimulates thyroid hormone release
    4. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    causes ↑ secretion from adrenal cortex
    5. Growth hormone (GH) promotes
    growth of body tissues
    6. Prolactin (PRL) promotes milk
    production”
  • Location: Grandular anterior location of Pituitary gland
22
Q

Posterior Pituitary gland’s function & location:

A

function: Stores & secretes hormones made by hypothalamus (Antidiuertic hormone (ADH) & Oxytocin (OT)
location: Posterior region of Pituitary gland

23
Q

Pineal gland’s function & location:

A
  • Location: Attached to epithalamus
  • Function: Gets info. about state of light-dark cycle from environment & carry this info by making & releasing the Melatonin hormone
24
Q

Thyroid gland’s location & function:

A
  • location: Anterior neck
  • function: Makes hormones that control the body’s metabolic rate, growth & development, heart, muscle, digestive task, brain development, & bone maintenance: Calcitonin & Thyroid hormone
25
Q

Parathyroid gland’s location & function:

A
  • location: Posterior region of Thyroid gland
  • function: Makes & releases Parathyroid hormone, which increases blood calcium levels
26
Q

Pancreas’ location & function:

A
  • location: Posterior to Stomach
  • Function:
    1. Makes insulin hormone
    *Decrease blood glucose *
    1. Makes Glucagon
    Increase blood glucose
    1. Makes Enzyme
27
Q

Adrenal cortex’s location & function:

A
  • location: Adrenal gland’s outer layer
  • function: Makes hormones (Aldosterone, Cortisol, & Andogrens)
    ~Aldosterone = Increases blood sodium & decreases blood potassium levels
    ~Cortisol = Increases blood glucose & inhibits (holds back) inflammation
    ~ Andogrens = Increase/boost sex hormones made by gonads
28
Q

Adrenal medulla’s location & function:

A
  • location: Adrenal gland’s inner layer
  • function: Releases hormone (Epinephrine & Norepinephrine)
    ~Promotion of fight-or-flight response to acute stress
29
Q

Ovaries’ location & function:

A
  • location: Intrabdominal & superior to uterus
  • function: Releases ova & makes sex hormones
    ~Estrogen: Controls menstrual cycle & develops sex characeristics
    ~Progesterone: Prepares body for pregnancy & helps to keep it.
30
Q

Testes’ location & function:

A
  • location: In Scrotum of Penis
  • function:
    ~Makes sperm
    ~ Makes sex hormones:
    `Testosterone = Triggers secondary sex characteristics & sperm production

Anat 25 (9 decks)

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