Urinary System - Wk 14 (Exam 4) Flashcards
Arrange the correct order of the Urinary system, which has Urine traveling through it.
- Glomerulus
- Capsular space
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Descending limb (nephron loop)
- Ascending limb (nephron loop)
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct
- Papillary duct
- Minor calyx
- Major calyx
- Renal pelvis
- Ureter
- Bladder
- Urethra
- Out of body
What does Proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb?
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- ## Sodium Chloride
What does Descending limb (nephron loop) reabsorb?
- Water
- Sodium Chloride NaCl
What does Ascending limb (nephron loop) reabsorb?
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Chloride
What does the Distal convoluted tubule reabsorb?
Sodium Chloride NaCl
What does the Urinary system include?
- Kidneys
- Ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
What are Kidneys and where are they located?
https://canvas.pasadena.edu/courses/1135576/files/77801154?module_item_id=16128486
pg 31
- 1 pair of organs shaped like beans
- Between T12 to L3
What are the functions of the Kidneys?
- Excretes (urinates) metabolic waste
- Balances water, electrolyte, & pH levels
- Regulates (controls) blood pressure
- Regulates (controls) erythrocyte production
- Regulates (controls) vitamin D production
- Glucose synthesis when fasting
What is the outer region of the Kidneys called?
Renal cortex
What are Renal columns?
“Inward extensions of renal cortex”
What is the inner region of the Kidneys called?
Renal medulla
What are Renal pyramids?
- 6-8 structures in the medulla
- Shaped like cones
What is the Renal papilla?
“Tip of Renal pyramid that empties into minor calyces”
What does the Renal lobe include?
A Renal pyramid & its adjacent (nearby) cortex
What is Nephron?
Kidneys’ functional unit that filters blood to create urine
Which fluid leaves the Nephron?
Urine
What are Corticol nephrons?
Nephron loops that don’t extend (expand) within the medulla
pg 33
What are Juxtamedullary nephrons?
Nephron loops that extend (expand) deep within the medulla.
pg 33
What parts make up the Nephron?
- Renal corpuscle (made by Glomerulus & Glomerular capsule)
- Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
- Nephron loop (Descending & Ascending limb)
What is Glomerulus?
“Fenestrated capillary bed that filters blood based on size”
What is Glomerular capsule?
- Sack that’s around the Glomerulus
- Shaped like a cup
- Has visceral & parietal layers
What is Capsular Space?
pg 34 (exam 4 review)
Space between layers that gather filtrate
What are the functions of the Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
- Drains filtrate from capsular space
- Reabsorbs:
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- Ions
- Water via (through) Osmosis
- Secretes (releases) drug medicines (medications)
If Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) reabsorbs 100% of glucose, why do diabetes mellitus patients have glucose in their urine?
“If the concentration of blood glucose becomes too high (160-180 mg/dL), the tubules no longer reabsorb glucose, allowing it to pass through into the urine” (LabCe).
What is Nephron loop?
U-shaped section of nephron between Proximal convoluted tubule and Distal convoluted tubule
What is the function of Descending limb?
Lets water to return into the body through Osmosis
What stays in the filtrate of the Descending limb?
Solutes
What is the function of the Ascending limb?
Reabsorbs ions within the body through active transport
What stays in the filtrate of the Ascending limb?
Water
What’s the function of the Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?
Drains filtrate into collecting duct
Which hormones work in the Distal convoluted tubule?
Parathyroid hormone & Aldosterone
What is the function of Juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Controls rate
of filtration at glomerulus
What is the function of the Macula densa?
Cells in Distal convoluted tubule that detect
Na+ concentration in urine
Juxtaglomerular cells
Secretes (releases) renin
when blood pressure drops
What are the functions of the Collecting duct?
- Drains fluid from DCTs
of several nephrons
– ADH (Vasopressin) cause reabsorption of water
– Permits concentrated urine
What is the function of the Papillary duct?
- Drains urine from several
collecting ducts at the renal papilla
What are the white structures in the Kidneys?
Minor calyx, Major calyx, & Renal pelvis
What is the function of the Minor calyx?
Minor calyx is cup-like structure that
drains urine from papillary ducts
What is the function of the Major calyx ?
Passageway that drains
urine from 2-3 minor calyces
What is the function of the Renal pelvis?
Renal pelvis is funnel-like structure that
drains urine from the major calyces
What is the function of the Ureter?
Ureter is muscular tube that drains urine
from kidney to bladder
What is the function of the Urinary bladder?
Muscular sac that’s a storage for urine
What does the Urinary bladder include? What are their functions?
- Storage for urine
- Detrusor muscle forms wall of bladder
and contracts to void (empty out) urine - Rugae are folds that allow the bladder
to expand and hold more urine
Which ET lines the Ureter and
Urinary bladder ?
Transitional epithelium
What is the Urethra & its function?
Muscular tube that drains
urine out of the body
─ urine only in females
─ Both urine and sperm in males
What is the Internal urethral sphincter?
Smooth muscle ring at exit from bladder
pg 42
What is the External urethral sphincter?
Skeletal muscle sphincter at pelvic diaphragm
pg 42
