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Anat 25 > Urinary System - Wk 14 (Exam 4) > Flashcards

Urinary System - Wk 14 (Exam 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Arrange the correct order of the Urinary system, which has Urine traveling through it.

A
  • Glomerulus
  • Capsular space
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Descending limb (nephron loop)
  • Ascending limb (nephron loop)
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • Collecting duct
  • Papillary duct
  • Minor calyx
  • Major calyx
  • Renal pelvis
  • Ureter
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
  • Out of body
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2
Q

What does Proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb?

A
  • Glucose
  • Amino acids
  • ## Sodium Chloride
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3
Q

What does Descending limb (nephron loop) reabsorb?

A
  • Water
  • Sodium Chloride NaCl
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4
Q

What does Ascending limb (nephron loop) reabsorb?

A
  • Sodium
  • Potassium
  • Chloride
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5
Q

What does the Distal convoluted tubule reabsorb?

A

Sodium Chloride NaCl

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6
Q

What does the Urinary system include?

A
  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Bladder
  • Urethra
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7
Q

What are Kidneys and where are they located?

https://canvas.pasadena.edu/courses/1135576/files/77801154?module_item_id=16128486

pg 31

A
  • 1 pair of organs shaped like beans
  • Between T12 to L3
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8
Q

What are the functions of the Kidneys?

A
  • Excretes (urinates) metabolic waste
  • Balances water, electrolyte, & pH levels
  • Regulates (controls) blood pressure
  • Regulates (controls) erythrocyte production
  • Regulates (controls) vitamin D production
  • Glucose synthesis when fasting
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9
Q

What is the outer region of the Kidneys called?

A

Renal cortex

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10
Q

What are Renal columns?

A

“Inward extensions of renal cortex”

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11
Q

What is the inner region of the Kidneys called?

A

Renal medulla

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12
Q

What are Renal pyramids?

A
  • 6-8 structures in the medulla
  • Shaped like cones
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13
Q

What is the Renal papilla?

A

“Tip of Renal pyramid that empties into minor calyces”

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14
Q

What does the Renal lobe include?

A

A Renal pyramid & its adjacent (nearby) cortex

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15
Q

What is Nephron?

A

Kidneys’ functional unit that filters blood to create urine

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16
Q

Which fluid leaves the Nephron?

A

Urine

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17
Q

What are Corticol nephrons?

A

Nephron loops that don’t extend (expand) within the medulla

pg 33

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18
Q

What are Juxtamedullary nephrons?

A

Nephron loops that extend (expand) deep within the medulla.

pg 33

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19
Q

What parts make up the Nephron?

A
  • Renal corpuscle (made by Glomerulus & Glomerular capsule)
  • Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
  • Nephron loop (Descending & Ascending limb)
20
Q

What is Glomerulus?

A

“Fenestrated capillary bed that filters blood based on size”

21
Q

What is Glomerular capsule?

A
  • Sack that’s around the Glomerulus
  • Shaped like a cup
  • Has visceral & parietal layers
22
Q

What is Capsular Space?

pg 34 (exam 4 review)

A

Space between layers that gather filtrate

23
Q

What are the functions of the Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

A
  • Drains filtrate from capsular space
  • Reabsorbs:
    • Glucose
    • Amino acids
    • Ions
    • Water via (through) Osmosis
    • Secretes (releases) drug medicines (medications)
24
Q

If Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) reabsorbs 100% of glucose, why do diabetes mellitus patients have glucose in their urine?

A

“If the concentration of blood glucose becomes too high (160-180 mg/dL), the tubules no longer reabsorb glucose, allowing it to pass through into the urine” (LabCe).

25
Q

What is Nephron loop?

A

U-shaped section of nephron between Proximal convoluted tubule and Distal convoluted tubule

26
Q

What is the function of Descending limb?

A

Lets water to return into the body through Osmosis

27
Q

What stays in the filtrate of the Descending limb?

A

Solutes

28
Q

What is the function of the Ascending limb?

A

Reabsorbs ions within the body through active transport

29
Q

What stays in the filtrate of the Ascending limb?

A

Water

30
Q

What’s the function of the Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

A

Drains filtrate into collecting duct

31
Q

Which hormones work in the Distal convoluted tubule?

A

Parathyroid hormone & Aldosterone

32
Q

What is the function of Juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Controls rate
of filtration at glomerulus

33
Q

What is the function of the Macula densa?

A

Cells in Distal convoluted tubule that detect
Na+ concentration in urine

34
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells

A

Secretes (releases) renin
when blood pressure drops

35
Q

What are the functions of the Collecting duct?

A
  • Drains fluid from DCTs
    of several nephrons
    – ADH (Vasopressin) cause reabsorption of water
    – Permits concentrated urine
36
Q

What is the function of the Papillary duct?

A
  • Drains urine from several
    collecting ducts at the renal papilla
37
Q

What are the white structures in the Kidneys?

A

Minor calyx, Major calyx, & Renal pelvis

38
Q

What is the function of the Minor calyx?

A

Minor calyx is cup-like structure that
drains urine from papillary ducts

39
Q

What is the function of the Major calyx ?

A

Passageway that drains
urine from 2-3 minor calyces

40
Q

What is the function of the Renal pelvis?

A

Renal pelvis is funnel-like structure that
drains urine from the major calyces

41
Q

What is the function of the Ureter?

A

Ureter is muscular tube that drains urine
from kidney to bladder

42
Q

What is the function of the Urinary bladder?

A

Muscular sac that’s a storage for urine

43
Q

What does the Urinary bladder include? What are their functions?

A
  • Storage for urine
  • Detrusor muscle forms wall of bladder
    and contracts to void (empty out) urine
  • Rugae are folds that allow the bladder
    to expand and hold more urine
44
Q

Which ET lines the Ureter and
Urinary bladder ?

A

Transitional epithelium

45
Q

What is the Urethra & its function?

A

Muscular tube that drains
urine out of the body
─ urine only in females
─ Both urine and sperm in males

46
Q

What is the Internal urethral sphincter?

A

Smooth muscle ring at exit from bladder

pg 42

47
Q

What is the External urethral sphincter?

A

Skeletal muscle sphincter at pelvic diaphragm

pg 42

Anat 25 (9 decks)

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