The Brain & Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Where is cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) made?
Choroid plexus
What are the different chambers that let cerebral spinal fluid to flow throughout the brain?
Lateral Ventricle, Third Ventricle, Cerebral aqueduct, & Fourth Ventricle ?
Where is CSF returned to the bloodstream?
Arachnoid villi ?
Why does the Lizard Brain need to have a brainstem & cerebellum?
Autopilot Fight & Flight
What is the difference between a gyrus and a sulcus?
- Gyrus = Ridge made from cerebral cortex’s folding
- Sulcus = Valley made from cerebral cortex’s folding
Name the brain landmarks that divide the brain structures:
- R & L Hemispheres: Longitudinal fissure
- Frontal & parietal lobes: Central Sulcus
- Frontal, parietal, & temporal lobes: Lateral sulcus
Name the major motor areas of cerebral cortex
- Premotor cortex = Picks & makes movement plans
- Supplementary cortex = Arranges complex movements
- Primary motor cortex = “Makes signals to direct the movement of the body”
Name the major sensory areas of cerebral cortex
- Primary somatosensory cortex = Gets info on general senses
- Primary visual cortex = Gets basic visual info from eyes
- Primary auditory cortex = Gets sound info from inner ear
- Primary gustatory cortex = Gets taste info from tongue
- Primary olfactory cortex = Gets info about smell from nose
Name the major association areas of cerebral cortex
- Somatosensory association area = Interprets general body senses
- Auditory association area = Interprets meaning of sounds
- Visual association area = Interprets visual images
- Prefrontal cortex = For planning, personality, & social behavior
- Broca’s area = (In frontal lobe) For language production
- Wernicke’s area = (In temporal lobe) For language comprehension
List the Limbic system’s 3 components
- Amygdala = “For fear & emotional reactions to stimuli”
- Hippocampus = Makes & stores new memories
- Cingulate gyrus = Connects behavior with motivation, emotion, & memory
What are the 4 major white matter regions & what do they connect?
- Association fibers = Connects regions in same hemisphere (Links L & R frontal lobe)
- Commissural fibers = Connects L & R cerebral hemispheres
- Projection fibers = Connects cerebrum & lower brain regions
- Corpus callosum = Connects L & R hemispheres
The hypothalamus is the link between what two major organ systems?
Endocrine & Nervous systems
The cerebellum has more grey or white matter? Think on why this might be the case.
More grey matter, since it has to process lots of info for:
- Movement
- muscle control
- memory
- language processing
- balance
What is the general function of nuclei in the brainstem?
- Pons = Controls bladder & respiration
- Midbrain = Responds to auditory & visual stimuli
Name one thing the somatic motor division controls.
Voluntary body movements
Name one thing the autonomic division controls.
Heart rate
What are the three systems within the autonomic nervous division?
Parasympathetic, Sympathetic, & Enteric
What are the three target tissues for the autonomic nervous system?
- Glands
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
How does the white communicans differ from the grey communicans?
- White ramus communicans = moves preganglionics to sympathetic chain
- Grey ramus communicans = moves postganglionics to spinal nerve
How can the same neurotransmitter result in an excitatory or inhibitory signal?
“can have different effects depending on the intracellular”
Muscarinic receptors (depends on where the receptor is linked to) ?
Name the Central region of the brain for homeostasis and relaying signals
Diencephalon
Name the Inferior, posterior region of the brain for motor learning and control
Cerebellum
Name the lobe that’s involved in vision
Occipital lobe
Name the lobe Involved with sound, memory, and language
Temporal lobe
Which association area interprets general body senses?
Somatosensory association area
Name the Region for planning, personality, and social behavior
Prefrontal cortex
Which fiber connects left and right cerebral hemispheres
Commissural fibers
What links behavior with motivation, emotion, and memory?
Cingulate gyrus
When the muscles around your pupils receive sympathetic impulses.
Your pupils will dilate, letting in more light
When your salivary glands receive parasympathetic impulses.
You’ll produce more saliva ?
When your cardiac muscle receives sympathetic impulses.
Your heart muscles will contract with more force ?
When the glands in your stomach receive parasympathetic impulses.
Your stomach will produce more stomach acid.?
When the smooth muscle around your large intestine receives sympathetic impulses.
Your intestinal muscles will stop moving fecal matter through your gastrointestinal
system. ?
