Wk 1 Immunity Flashcards
Inflammation
- occurs with cell injury
- protective mechanism that begins the healing process
“itis”
3 main processes of Inflammation
- destroy invading and harmful agents
- limit the spread of harmful agents
- prepare damaged tissue for repair
Signs of Inflammation
Localized
- redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function
Cause of Inflammation
exogenous - surgery, trauma, burn
endogenous - tissue ischemia
Inflammation types
acute (2 wks) or chronic (maybe scar tissue)
Events of Inflammation
- tissue injury or bacterial antigens
- vasodilation and increased vascular permeability (so WBC can get there)
- leukocyte recruitment and emigration
- phagocytosis of antigens and debris
Chemotaxis
process by which neutrophils are attracted to inflamed tissue
Phagocytosis
breakdown and maybe eat the bacteria and the bad cells that are there
Inflammatory Exudate
fluid that leaks out of blood vessels, neutrophils, and debris
- vary in composition
Serous
watery, low protein, mild inflammation
- not as serious
Serosanguineous
pink-tinged fluid, small amount of RBC
- not as serious
Purulent
severe inflammation with bacterial infection, neutrophils, protein, and debris (abscesses may require drainage)
- infection
Hemorrhagic
lots of RBCs, most severe inflammation
- infection
- not always straight bleeding from a wound
Systemic manifestations
Cytokines are responsible for signs of systemic inflammation
- fever
- increased neutrophils
- lethargy
- muscle catabolism/breakdown
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
cluster of genes on chromosome 6
- AKA human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex
- identify your cells as self
Proteins made by MHC
on cell surfaces
2 major classes of MHC class 1 and MHC class 2
Specific Adaptive Immunity
effective and adaptive defense mechanism
- recognizes foreign invaders, destroy them
- retaining memory of invaders (adaptive)
– B cells (humoral)
– T cells (cell-mediated)
B cells and T cells
lymphocytes (wbc), responsible for memory immunity
- try to kill what they don’t recognize or what they remember is bad
B cells
humoral = found in body fluids
T cells
cell-mediated = recognize antigens on surface of cell
Humoral Immunity
antibody immunity
- B cells
– two types = memory and plasma
Memory Cells
cells that remember exposure to antigen
Plasma cells
cells that secrete antibodies
- short-lived
Antigen
nametag on a different type of cell, bad cells
anti = bad
