winter midterm Flashcards
glycosidic bond and composition of:
- maltose
- lactose
- sucrose
- alpha 1-4, 2 glucose
- beta 1-4, galactose + glucose
- alpha1-beta2, fructose + glucose
which of the enzymes is incorrectly paired with its location of function?
isocitrate dehydrogenase and glyoxosome
what does glucagon upregulate?
glycogen phosphorylase A
which steps of glycolosis generate ATP? (2)
1,3 bisphosphate –> 3 phosphoglycerate
phosphoenolpyruvate –> pyruvate
glycogen synthase:
requires glucose-1-P to be activated by UDP
what is correct about the citric acid cycle?
directly generates 2 water molecules/acyl-CoA
the structure shown below is:
fructose-2,6-bisphosphate
triglyceride levels of the 4 lipoproteins
chylomicrons: 85
VLDL: 50
LDL: 10
HDL: 4
which enzyme is mismatched with is function?
lipoamine - deamination
which of the following is true about ketogenesis?
ketogenesis is absent in people with systemic carnitine deficiency
omega oxidation of fatty acids:
involves sequentially alcohol, aldehyde and acid intermediates
identify the ketone bodies (structure)
CH3 - C(=O) - CH2 - C (=O,O-) and
CH3 - C(H,OH) - CH2 - C (=O, O-)
what is thiolase involved in? (4)
- ketogenesis pathway
- works in mitochondria
- converts acetoacetyl-CoA back into Acetyl-CoA in the peripheral tissues
- aka ACAT
what phospho/sphingolipids are found primarily in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane?
phosphotidylcholine and sphingomyelin
peroxisomal B-oxidation of fatty acids involves:
- export of NADH and H+ to the mitochondria for reoxidation to NAD
- export of acetyl CoA to mitochondria to enter the CAC
lioprotein lipase action involves:
activation of the enzyme by alipoprotein CII
pyruvate kinase remains active in muscle during glycogenolysis because:
- muscle need glycolysis to generate energy
- muscle lacks glycogen receptors
- muscle lacks glucose-6-phosphatase
PFK-1 is downregulated by:
ATP and citrate
which of the following enzymes/pathways is correctly listed with its regualtor?
all of the above
Fehlings solution?
- reducing sugars (glucose, galactose, fructose) interact with the solution to produce a red colour (specifically interact with the Cu ions)
- non-reducing sugars dont interact (sucrose) so theres no color change
steps of mitochondrial B-oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA:
occur while fatty acids are attached to coenzyme A
pyruvate dehydrogenase:
- occurs in mitochondrial matrix
- converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA
- eliminates Co2/generates NADH (coupled)
- has 3 subunits and 5 coenzymes (TPP, lipoic acid, coenzyme A, FAD, NAD+)
human G6PD deficiency results in:
- compromised NADPH production for antioxidant defences
- little biosynthesis of ribose-5-phosphate
- increased sensitivity to chemotherpeutic drugs
which of the following statements about the synthesis of DHA from an essential acid in mamals is (are) correct?
all of the above