Winegard 3

Question 1

Reasoning system 1?

Answer 1

Fast
Unconscious
Automatic
Everyday Decisions
Error Prone 

ie:
*see that an object is at a greater distance than another

• localize the source of a specific sound
• complete the sentence “war and…”
• display disgust when seeing a gruesome image
• solve 2 + 2 =?
• read text on a billboard
• drive a car on an empty road
• understand complete sentences

Question 2

Reasoning System 2?

Answer 2

Slow
Conscious
Effortful
Complex Decisions
Reliable

ie:
*give someone your phone number

• look out for the woman with the grey hair
• count the number of A’s in a certain text
• park into a tight parking space
• determine the appropriateness of a behavior in a social setting
• solve 15 x 12 =?
• sustain a higher than normal walking rate
• solve logical puzzles
• determine the price/quality ratio of two washing machines

Question 3

We often default to system 1!

Answer 3

.

Question 4

Why is using system 2 effortful?

Answer 4

1] System 2 reasoning (explicit, symbolic, and rational) is a serial reasoning process. We can only perform one manipulation at a time (not a parallel processor)

2] Evolution should strongly pull our brains toward focusing on the MOST important environmental inputs for survival and reproduction. There is an opportunity cost to focusing on any given problem

Question 5

What is attribute substitution?

Answer 5

underlies many of our cognitive biases. It occurs when we are asked to make a judgment (of a target attribute) that is computationally complex, and instead we substitute a more easily calculated heuristic attribute

Question 6

The focusing illusion?

Answer 6

a cognitive bias that occurs when people place too much importance on one aspect of an event, causing an error in accurately predicting the utility of a future outcome

Question 7

Epistemic Vigilance?

Answer 7

the propensity to evaluate arguments, gauge the probability of claims, and calibrate our trust in a generally skeptical manner