Chapter 8: Development

Question 1

Piagets four stages of cognitive development?

Answer 1

1. Sensorimotor stage:
   - infants from birth to age 2
   - in which the infant uses its senses and motor a ilities to interact with o ects in the environment.
2. Preoperational stage:
   - ages 2-7
   - in which the preschool child learns to use language as a means of exploring the world.
3. Concrete operations stage:
   - ages 7-12
   - in which the school-age child becomes capable of logical thought processes but is not yet capable of abstract thinking.
4. Formal operations stage:
   - ages 12-adulthood
   - in which the adolescent becomes capable of abstract thinking.

Question 2

Object permanence?

Answer 2

the knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight.

Question 3

Egocentrism.

Answer 3

the inability to see the world through anyone elses eyes.

Question 4

Centration?

Answer 4

in Piaget’s theory the tendency of a young child to focus only on one feature of an obect while ignoring other relevant features.

Question 5

Conservation?

Answer 5

in Piaget’s theory the ability to understand that simply changing the appearance of an object does not change the objects nature.

Question 6

Scaffolding?

Answer 6

Process in which a more skilled learner gives hel to a less skilled learner reducing the amount of help as the less skilled learner ecomes more capable.

Question 7

Zone of proximal development?

Answer 7

Vygotsky’s concept of the difference between what a child can do alone and what that child can do with the help
of a teacher.