Windshear And Contaminated R/ys

Question 1

Windshear definition

Answer 1

Abrupt variations in wind along the a/c flight path - sufficient intensity - duration which can displace the a/c abruptly from its intended path requiring substantial control action

Question 2

LLWAS and when is it activated and possible limitations

Answer 2

Low level windshear alert system

Alert is generated whenever a difference in excess of 15kt is detected

May not detect downbursts with a diameter of 2nm or less

Question 3

TDWR

Answer 3

Terminal Doppler radar

Enables to detect approaching windshear areas

Question 4

When to file a PIREP about windshear

Answer 4

Winshear in excess of 20kts or down/updraft in excess of 500ft/min below 1000ft agl

Question 5

LIDAR

Answer 5

Uses beams of light to detect windshear

Question 6

Methods to recognise wind shear

Answer 6

IAS variations in excess of 15kts
Gs variations
Wind direction and speed variations
Unexpected vertical speed variations in excess of 500ft/min
Unexcepted pitch variations of 5* or more
G/slope variations of 1 dot
Unusual auto throttle activity

Question 7

Actions to take if encountering windshear

Answer 7

Immediately set and maintain t/o thrust

Follow f/d and fly close to the stick shaker/stall warning AoA

Do not change the flap/ landing config

Level the wings to maximise climb gradient

Keep a/p engaged

Question 8

A r/y is contaminated when

Answer 8

More than 25% is covered by

More than 3mm of water/snow/slush

Compacted snow, inc ice

Question 9

Damp r/y definition

Answer 9

When the surface is not dry, but when the moisture on it does not give a shiny appearance

Question 10

Wet r/y definition

Answer 10

R/y surface is covered by less than the contaminated value and the sufficient moisture to make the r/y appear reflective

Question 11

Can you land on a contaminated r/y without a unserviceable anti skid

Answer 11

NO

Question 12

2 different dynamic hydroplaning speeds and how to calc

Answer 12

Spin down speed - in kts = 9 x square root of the tyre pressure in PSI

Spin up speed = 7.7 x square root of the tyre pressure in PSI

Dynamic occurs when the water is greater than the tyre tread

Question 13

Viscous hydroplaning

Answer 13

The r/y is contaminated with a film of oil,dust,grease or rubber

Can occur at speeds lower than dynamic

Little bit of a friction coefficient

Question 14

Reverted rubber is caused by

Answer 14

When the wheel locks and becomes superheated - reverted back to its liquid state

Question 15

A snowtam is valid for

Answer 15

24hours - new snowtam if sig changes occur

During the winter - issued each day in the morning before flying starts

Question 16

Item D and item T in the snowtam

Answer 16

D = cleared r/y length is less than published

T = plain language operational information

Question 17

Vortex are biggest when

Answer 17

The a/c is low and slow

The a/c is heavy

In a clean config

Question 18

Between a helicopter which produces the biggest vortices

Answer 18

A helicopter

Question 19

You should avoid larger a/c by

Answer 19

1000 ft below and behind

ICAO publishes wake turbulence separation minima based on MTOM

Question 20

A bird strike is most likely to occur at

Answer 20

A critical stage of flight

Question 21

How to avoid a bird strike

Answer 21

Use l/d lights and gently pitch up if possible

Question 22

What sources of information are available regarding the migration and prescience of birds

Answer 22

Pilot reports
Local ATC
ATIS
Birdtam

Question 23

Pilots should report bird activity to

Answer 23

ATC

Question 24

Pilots should report a bird strike to

Answer 24

The local authority within 72hours

Question 25

% of bird strikes that occur below 200ft

Answer 25

70%

Question 26

Bird disposal methods

Answer 26

Using birds of prey

Firing pyrotechnic bird scattering cartridges

Playing recorded bird distress calls