Instruments And Equipment

Question 1

Items are approved in accordance with

Answer 1

European technical standards orders (ETSO)

Some items do not need formal EU OPs approval

Question 2

Master min equip list

Answer 2

List established for a particular a/c type by the manufacturer - approved by the state of design

Specifies which items are permitted to be unserviceable for the remainder of the flight

Question 3

MEL

Answer 3

Min equip list created by the operator from the MMEL - the same or more restrictive

Must be approved by the authority

Question 4

When the MMEL is amended ….

Answer 4

To become more stringent/CAA req an immediate change of the MEL - operators are allowed 30 days from the date of notification

All other cases - allowed 90 days

Question 5

Circuit protection devices

Answer 5

Need the carriage of spare fuses

At least 10% of the number of fuses of each rating or 3 of each whichever is the greater

Question 6

Windshield wipers

Answer 6

A/c over MTOM 5700kg req these or equiv

Question 7

A/c operating lights by night req

Answer 7

Navigation/ posn lights

2 l/d lights or a single light with separate filaments

Question 8

White light indicates

Answer 8

Overtaking/ needs to be over taken

Question 9

Min flight equip - VFR

Answer 9

Basic 6 instruments + mag compass

Clock, OAT gauge in Celsius

Headset with boom mic for each flight crew

If 2 pilots - duplicate basic 6 but only 1 mag compass and clock req

Heated pitot for a/c with a MTOM of over 5700kg and over 9 seats

Question 10

Min flight equip night and IFR

Answer 10

2 sensitive pressure altimeters 
ASI with heated pitot tube and warning of heated failure 
2 independent static pressure systems 
Chart holder 
Transmit button on the control wheel 
Mach meter if req

Question 11

Night and IFR - MTOM is greater than 5700kg/ >9 seats what do you req

Answer 11

Additional s/by attitude indicator useable from wither pilots station with 30 mins independent power

Question 12

Min equip for single pilot IFR

Answer 12

Must have an autopilot with at least alt hold and HDG hold

Question 13

Altitude alerting system and what is it req for

Answer 13

Turboprops - >5700kg, more than 9 seats

All turbojets

Must alert flight crew upon approaching a preselected alt by at least an aural signal when deviating above or below a preselected alt

Question 14

GPWS/TAWS is req for

Answer 14

> 5700kg or >9 pax seats

Question 15

ACAS 2

Answer 15

Req for all a/c with MTOM >5700kg or >19 seats

Gives RAs

Question 16

Radio altimeter is req on

Answer 16

A/c with MTOM >27 000kg

Question 17

Airborne wx radar equip is req for

Answer 17

All pressurised a/c and unpressurised a/c with >5700kg or >9 seats

Question 18

A/c with >15,000kg or >19seats must be and it must

Answer 18

Equipped with a crew inter-phone system

Must b e independent of the cabin PA system and provide 2 way comms between f/d and cabin

Question 19

PA system req

Answer 19

Every a/c >19 seats must have a PA system

Must be clearly audible in the cabin inc toilet

Question 20

CVR what does it record

Answer 20

Flight deck comms on a/c, interphone and PA system

RT transmitted and received

Voice or audio signals for nav aid ident

Aural environment on f/d

Question 21

CVR req and timing

Answer 21

> 5700kg = 2 hours

ME turbine < 5700kg = 30 mins

Question 22

FDR req

Answer 22

Must record for 25 hours

Must operate automatically

Stop after a/c cant move under its own power

Question 23

If there is an accident - FDR should be kept for

Answer 23

A min of 60 days unless its req by the authorities

Question 24

When to have a internal door to the f/d

Answer 24

All a/c >19 seats

Must have a door between pax compartment and the f/d compartment

Must be placarded

Question 25

First aid kit req

Answer 25

First number then add 1

E.g 101 to 200 = 2

Question 26

Emergency medical kits

Answer 26

Req for a/c >30 seats - if routing > 60 mins flying time from qualified assistance

Must make sure drugs are not administered expect by qualified personnel

Question 27

First aid oxygen req

Answer 27

Req for pressurised a/c operating above 25 000ft

Needs to have suffice to oxygen for - remainder of the flight after cabin depressurisation is greater than 8000 but less than 15000ft

2% of PAX and at least 1 person

At least 2 dispensing units

Question 28

Supplementary oxygen

Answer 28

Req above 10,000ft

Assumed a/c will descend in accordance with emerg procedures to a safe alt

Question 29

Min o2 supply for flight crew use

Answer 29

2 hrs

Operating above 25,000ft = quick donning masks

Not above 25,000 ft - enough o2 to supply 10mins descent from max operating alt and 20mins at 10,000

Above 25,000ft - enough to supply 10mins descent from max operating alt and 110mins at 10,000ft

Question 30

02 masks will drop at

Answer 30

14,000ft

Question 31

PBE req

Answer 31

Req for a/c >5700kg or >19 seats

O2 for 15mins - each flight crew member while on duty

Must be easily accessible - outside cargo compartment

Question 32

Hand fire extinguishers

Answer 32

7 to 30 = 1
31 to 200 = 2 - one of these needs to be BCF

61 to 200 = 3
Goes up by 1 per 100PAX and must have at least 2 BCF

Must have at least 1 on the f/d so for 400 pax = 5 BCF in the cabin and 1 in the f/d = 3 BCF req

Question 33

Fire axe/crowbar

Answer 33

Req for all a/c >5700kg or >9pax seats

At least 1 on f/d

A/c with >200 seats - must have one in the rear galley

Question 34

Escape chute req

Answer 34

If the exit is more than 1.83 m above the ground with gear down after collapse or failure - req a chute

Question 35

Megaphones

Answer 35

61 to 99 = 1

100 or more = 2

Question 36

Emergency lighting

Answer 36

Req for a/c > 9 pax seats + powered from an independent source

> 19 seats - internal lighting at floor level
- illuminated exit signs

At night - need to illuminate externally the exit

Question 37

ELT req

Answer 37

Shall operate on 121.5 or 406 for SATs
Before July 2008
19 or less = 1 ELT
More than 19 = 1 automatic ELT or 2 of any type

After July 2008
19 or less = 1 automatic ELT
More than 19 = 2 ELTs with one being auto

Question 38

Life jacket req

Answer 38

Req when flying

> 50 miles from the coast
Or
Whenever t/o or aprch is over a significant body of water

Question 39

Life raft req

Answer 39

For a/c operating at a distance greater than 120mins cruising speed or 400nm from land - whichever is the LESSER

Also req for a/c when >30mins cruising speed or 100nm whichever is the LESSER

Must carry a sufficient amount of life rafts that if the largest life raft fails - others can still carry the PAX

Question 40

Additional survival equip is not req

Answer 40

If close to an area where SAR is not especially difficult

• within 120mins 1 eng inop cruise speed or 30 mins cruise speed for all other a/c

CS 25 - 90 mins cruise speed from an emergency l/d

Question 41

Seaplane req

Answer 41

Sea anchor plus other mooring equip and a maritime sound signal

Question 42

2 separate radio systems ….

Answer 42

Must have independent antennae or equivalent

Question 43

Req comms and nav equip for VFR and IFR

Answer 43

VFR - radio for ground comms - must be capable of receiving met info

IFR - equip suitable for route being flown 
2 independent radios 
SSR transponder - at least mode C 
ILS marker system 
comply with any RNP

Question 44

Nav equip - MNPS airspace

Answer 44

Not approved to fly inside unless a/c is fitted with nav equip meeting the MNPS - described in the ICAO supplementary procedures

Must be visible and useable either pilot

2 LRNs for unrestricted

2 independent alt measurement systems

An alt alerting system, automatic alt control system