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A-level Music: Edexcel > Williams, On Wenlock Edge > Flashcards

Williams, On Wenlock Edge Flashcards

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1
Q

Williams lifetime
When was Wenlock Edge composed

A

1872-1958
1909 (breakthrough piece)

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2
Q

Structural device of Wenlock Edge
Consists of

A

Song cycle
Set of poems from A. E. Housen’s ‘A Shropshire Lad’
3/6 poems

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3
Q

What is Wenlock Edge about

A

Rural life
Lost innocence

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4
Q

Williams style
What was ‘The New English Hymnel’?

A

English folk song, characteristically English
Compiled hymn book, compiled English folk songs harmonised (STAB) for choir

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5
Q

Where would the hymnal book be sung
What did it break away from and give access to?

A

Churches and cathedrals

German Romantic song
Ended language barrier, translation allowed for involvement in church

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6
Q

Sonority
‘On Wenlock Edge’

A

Voice
String quartet accomp.
Optional piano accomp.: accessibility to replace strings
1 male baritone voice: typical VW

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7
Q

String tech (9)
‘On Wenlock Edge’

A

Arco
Pitzz
Double/triple stopping (multiple notes at once) = virtuosic
Con sordino = with mute
Senza sordino = w/o mute
Tremolo
Sul ponticello (closer to bridge = scratchy + tension)
Harmonics (press strings lightly w/fingers = not quite there + lost innocence)
Trills

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8
Q

Parallelism
‘On Wenlock Edge’

A

VW staple
Nostalgic
English folk song
Creates almost atonal

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9
Q

Who plays the ostinato?
‘On Wenlock Edge’

A

Piano accomp.

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10
Q

Structure
‘On Wenlock Edge’

A

AABB A/B
A: 1-16
A: 16-31
B: 32-43
B: 43-55
A/B: 55-end

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11
Q

Metre

A

Frequent time sig changes: adds to unease

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12
Q

How is ‘On Wenlock Edge’ recitative?

A

Sing narration
Spoken at pitch

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13
Q

How is the rhythm virtuosic?
‘On Wenlock Edge’

A

Triplets + sextuplets
Bar 33 onwards: rippling hemi-demi-semi-quavers

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14
Q

Texture
Beginning
Bar 50
‘On Wenlock Edge’

A

Varied
Reduced texture (can’t say thin)

Parallel 1st inversions: unstable

Strings drop out
Leaves voice
Cello joins
Wiry chromatic addition
Voice trails off at end

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15
Q

Key
Chords (tone, type)
‘On Wenlock Edge’

A

G minor
First chord: E-flat major, then A-flat minor chord (erases E-flat major tone)
Cluster chords

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16
Q

What scales are used?
‘On Wenlock Edge’

A

Whole tone scale: weirdness, VW characteristic, East Asia

Pentatonic (5 note scale): hilights storm + on ‘heaving hill’

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17
Q

Example of word painting of the wind
‘On Wenlock Edge’

A

Chromatic violin flourishes

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18
Q

Is my team ploughing
Brendon hill

A

Wenlock edge applies

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19
Q

Context of ‘Is My Team Ploughing?’

A

Conversation between dead and living man
Dead man’s wife married friend

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20
Q

What does ‘Is My Team Ploughing?’ have instead of a key?

A

Modal harmony (Dorian-II)
t s t t t t s t
Folk song element

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21
Q

What are all the folk song elements?

A
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22
Q

What are all the VW elements?

A
23
Q

What harmonic features makes ‘Is My Team Ploughing?’ gentle?

A

Subtle syncopation

24
Q

‘Quast da lantano’
‘Is My Team Ploughing?’

A

As if from a distance (ghost)

25
Q

What triads were used
Reference to romantic period
‘Is My Team Ploughing?’

A

Augmented 4th
Diminished 8th
Seen as devil during romantic period

26
Q

What is the accomp when the alive man speaks
‘Is My Team Ploughing?’

A

Relentless/constant triplet accomp throughout

27
Q

Accomp when dead man speaks
‘Is My Team Ploughing?’

A

Palin (somber, calm)
Tessitura higher when speaks of loosing gf

28
Q

‘Colla voce’
‘Is My Team Ploughing?’

A

Strings follow pace/movement of vocal

29
Q

What is referenced from ‘Wenlock Edge’?
‘Is My Team Ploughing?’

A

Flourishes:
Rising quintuplets (5)
Rising and falling septuplets (7)

30
Q

Context of ‘Brendon Hill’

A

Main idea: church/funeral bell
Going to partners funeral
Reflective

31
Q

Structure
‘Brendon Hill’

A

7 verses
Lots link + bridge passages

32
Q

Ornamentation
‘Brendon Hill’

A

Few melismas

33
Q

Mode
Flattened (?)
Creates what mood
‘Brendon Hill’

A

Mixolydian (5)
7th
Dampens scale, oppressive

34
Q

Structural device that makes ‘Bredon Hill’ more reclusive

A

Longer intro

35
Q

Muffled sound ‘Bredon Hill’

A

Large close block chords

36
Q

What pushes ‘Bredon Hill’ forward, then slows down?

A

Accels, then rits

37
Q

Extreme dynamic in ‘Bredon Hill’

A

pppp

38
Q

What is the pedal used on?
To what effect? ‘Bredon Hill’

A

Chords
Sustain then die out

39
Q

How is word painting created on “ring” + “happy”? ‘Bredon Hill’

A

Pentatonic (5 note scale)
Highlights words

40
Q

What almost makes a B section?
About
Mood
‘Bredon Hill’

A

Triplet accomp (reference to ‘team ploughing’)
Happy memory
More cheery

41
Q

Colla voce meaning ‘Bredon Hill’

A

Piano + strings follow voice

42
Q

Hairpin meaning
Instrument
When

‘Bredon Hill’

A

< then > straight after
Strings
No vocal, stresses accomp

43
Q

How is ‘Bredon Hill’ bitonal?
When
What era

A

In Gmin, but an Aflat in base
Bar 84
19th century

44
Q

Open 5ths meaning (2)
‘Bredon Hill’

A

Chord with no 3rd
Don’t know maj or min

45
Q

How is “christmas” played?
What era?
‘Bredon Hill’

A

While tone scale, slurred
Post 19th century/contemporary

46
Q

What indicated the one death bell?
Quote
‘Bredon Hill’

A

Violin pizz on last beat of bar (4)
“They rolled the one bell”

47
Q

Tone at bar 100
‘Bredon Hill’

A

Defiantly/clearly Gmin

48
Q

Harmonics meaning
‘Bredon Hill’

A

Press lightly on strings

49
Q

Rhythm in accomp that moves piece forward
‘Bredon Hill’

A

Quaver triplets, then 4 semiquavers

50
Q

Hat meaning
Instrument
‘Bredon Hill’

A

Bow down
Strings

51
Q

What returns at the end from the beginning?
‘Bredon Hill’

A

Dotted chords

52
Q

How is last chord played on stings

A

On harmonics

53
Q

Last 2 bars texture
‘Bredon Hill’

A

Monophonic (only vocal)

A-level Music: Edexcel (38 decks)

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