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A-level Music: Edexcel > Saariaho, Petals For Cello And Optional Electronics > Flashcards

Saariaho, Petals For Cello And Optional Electronics Flashcards

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1
Q

What electronics are used?

A

Amp
Reverb
Harmoniser

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2
Q

WL1 for electronics

A

Tag des jhars by Saariaho

Use of counter tenor (male falsetto)
Rare to find male counter tenor with vibrato
Senza vibrato common in petals

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3
Q

WL2 for electronics

A

Beatles Tomorrow Never Knows

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4
Q

WL3 for electronics

A

Gesang der jung hnge by Karlheinz Stockhausen

Speakers X5 & system (p406)

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5
Q

Why was the amp used?
How was the amp used to make sound?

A

Give balance between natural & amplified sounds
Microphone close to hear noise of instrument not music (ex banging against finger board)

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6
Q

WL for amp: tone colour

A

Private gardens Mvmt 1 by Saariaho

Similar microphone set up
Not as electronic but more based on technique
Micro 1/4 tones (extreme dissonance)

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7
Q

What do micro 1/4 tones create?

A

Extreme dissonance

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8
Q

What is reverb?

A

Continuation of sound after produced
Artificial reproduction of sound

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9
Q

What level is reverb usually at?
Reverb time
Exception

A

20-50%
2.5 seconds

Stave 22- 15s
Gradually at end - 10 –> 20 –> 25

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10
Q

What sections is reverb used in?
Why?

A

When lots of gliss
Takes further away from conventional sound of instruments

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11
Q

WL1 for reverb

A

Vent Nocturne by Saariaho

Focused on reverb for viola

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12
Q

WL2 for reverb

A

‘Miranda’s lament’ from the tempest songbook by Saariaho

Bar 7 bow pressure
Percussive sound (like petals aim)
But with voice, such as giving “waters” “s” it’s own note syllables

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13
Q

Why was the harmoniser used?
When is it used?

A

Adds additional pitches to sound
Usually during high bow pressure

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14
Q

What tones are used when using the harmoniser?

A

1/4 tones up & down

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15
Q

WL for harmoniser

A

Lutosawski’s cello concerto

Uses 1/4 tones
Combination of harmoniser and 1/4 tones used to create more noise

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16
Q

What is spectralism?
What is a spectragram machine?

A

Using 12 note scale in an octave
Many pitches to one sound

Seeing sound on graph

17
Q

What are overtones?
How far apart are the tones?
What did this mean?
What happens to the frequency going up in 5ths?

A

2 tones at once due to frequency
5th
5ths musically different but scientifically have same frequency so never have parallel 5ths in music
Less & less heard

18
Q

What is serial music?

A

Using all 12 notes in octave scale before moving on

19
Q

Composers of spectralism style

A

Tristan Murail
Gerard Grisey

20
Q

WL for spectralism

A

Desintegrations by Tristan Murail

Combination of electric and acoustic sound
Section 5 - brass have overtones of multiple frequencies
Pedal with harmoniser 1/4 tone above

21
Q

Where & when was Saariaho born?
Where did she study & live?

A

Finland
1952
Studied in Germany
Moved to Paris

22
Q

What does Saariaho compose for?

A

Big operas & chamber works - variety

23
Q

When was petals composed?
Who was petals composed for?
What piece for petals link to?
What we’re the pieces about

A

1988
Cellist Anssi Karttuneu
Numphéa (1987) leads straight into petals
‘Water lilies’ Monet water lilies paintings

24
Q

Describe A & B passages

A

A = fragile, colouristic
B = more energetic& melodic,clear rhythmic drive

25
Q

Features of A

A

Trills
Tremolo
Usually played when great bow pressure

26
Q

Features of B

A

Monophonic cello with harmoniser above & below

27
Q

WL for A & B sections

A

Berio sequence III

A & B sections
Use of unconventional instruments
Pushing limits
Virtuosic

28
Q

Section 1:
What passage is used?
Staves
Tempo

A

A
1-3
Free

29
Q

Section 2:
What passage is used?
Staves
Tempo

A

B
4-7
60 bpm

30
Q

Section 3:
What passage is used?
Staves
Tempo

A

A
8-9
Free

31
Q

Section 4:
What passage is used?
Staves
Tempo

A

B
10-13.5
Free/54 bpm

32
Q

Section 5:
What passage is used?
Staves
Tempo

A

A
13.5-16
Free

33
Q

Section 6:
What passage is used?
Staves
Tempo

A

B
17-27
60 bpm

34
Q

Section 7:
What passage is used?
Staves
Tempo

A

A
28-end
Free

35
Q

When are more conventional melodic ideas used?
What is also used at this time?

A

Staves 10-13
Some sequence

36
Q

Melody saves 4-6

A

Intense chromaticism with 1/4 tones

37
Q

When is theme & variations used?

A

Stave 17

38
Q

WL using klangfarbenmelodie

A

Concerto for 9 instruments op.24 by Anton Webern
Technique used to solo up melody & give off to different sections (ex diff instruments)

A-level Music: Edexcel (38 decks)

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