Williams: Lipid Metabolism Flashcards
specific apo protein to HDL
ApoA1
marker specific for LDL
B100
marker specific for chylomicrons
ApoB48
transport lipids from intestine to other places (90% TGs)
chylomicrons
product of fat digestion
help absorb lipid and fat soluble vitamins
micelles
desirable HDL, LDL, TGs, TC levels
what lipoprotein contributes to plaque
LDL
need ___ to absorb vitamins and nutrients
fat
___ and ___ break down fat
bile salts and lipases
____ and ____ can affect how we break down and absorb fat
pH and lipases
helps form chylomicron, and if absent, NO chylomicrons formed
MTTP
MTTP inhibitor (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein)
LOMITAPIDE
how do chylomicrons leave intestines
through lymphatic system
chylomicron apoproteins
ApoB48
A1
C2
A5
role of A1 apoprotein
activates LCAT
does chylomicron have apoprotein A3
NO
role of C2 and A5 apoproteins
activates LPL
major defect is LPL and has elevated TGs in the 10,000-20,000 range
chylomicrons elevated
Type I (Familial Chylomicronemia)
take excess energy and convert to TGs and stored in adipose tissue
overfed state
prevent LDL receptor from being recycled back to membrane
PCSK9
this drug (monoclonal antibodies) blocks PCSK9 and decreases LDLs in the blood
EVOLOCUMAB
ALIROCUMAB
defect in LDL receptor
AD (homozygous form worse)
cholesterol elevated in the serum
familial hypercholesterolemia (type 2a hyperlipidemia)
LDLR defect
LDL and VLDL elevated
increase in cholesterol and TGs
type IIb hyperlipidemia
ApoE defect
increase in TGs
Type III hyperlipidemia
rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis
HMG-CoA
removes cholesterol from peripheral tissues and brings it back to liver
HDL
hyperlipidemia w/ elevated VLDL, and increased serum TGs
Type IV
hyperlipidemia w/ elevated VLDL and chylomicrons (due to LPL defect); majorly elevated TGs, and cholesterol is elevated too
Type V
transports TGs (fat) from liver to different parts of the body
VLDL
targets apoB mRNA in liver, reducing synthesis of apoB100 protein
Mipomersen
inhibits fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis
Bempedoic acid
2 main ways to treat hypertriglyceridemia
Omega-3 fatty acids
-fibrates (fenofibrate, gemfibrozil)
