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DIG Biweekly 2 > Al-Mehdi: Drugs affecting metabolism > Flashcards

Al-Mehdi: Drugs affecting metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

essential component of cell membranes and functions as a precursor to fat-soluble vitamins and steroid hormones

A

cholesterol

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2
Q

cholesterol sources in adults

A

bile acids
diet
sloughed intestinal cells
synthesis

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3
Q

composed of 3 fatty acids attached to glycerol molecule

A

triglycerides

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4
Q

require apolipoproteins for transport

A

TG and cholesterol

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5
Q

TG: 10,650
TC: 1102

A

eruptive xanthoma (sever hypertriglyceridemia)

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6
Q

TG: 6,000
TC: 760
untreated DM

A

eruptive xanthoma (severe hypertriglyceridemia)

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7
Q

long chain fatty acids brought into intestine through _____

A

CD36

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8
Q

cholesterol brought into intestine through _____

A

NPC1L1

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9
Q

bile salts brought into terminal ileum and back to hepatocyte through what

A

ASBT

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10
Q

chylomicron apo proteins

A

ApoB48

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11
Q

chylomicron remnant apoproteins

A

ApoB48 and ApoE

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12
Q

VLDL apo proteins

A

ApoB100

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13
Q

___ and ___ (Gs) activate hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) to breakdown TG in adipocyte

A

beta3, Glucagon

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14
Q

TG in hepatocyte is made into VLDL through what

A

MTTP

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15
Q

made mostly of cholesterol

A

LDL

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16
Q

made of cholesterol and TG (mostly TGs)

A

VLDL and chylomicrons

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17
Q

non-atherogenic lipoproteins

A

HDL and chylomicron

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18
Q

ATP Citrate Lyase inhibitor
(prevents availability of acetyl-CoA in cytoplasm); inhibits FA and cholesterol synthesis

A

BEMPEDOIC ACID

19
Q

block HMG-CoA reductase
ultimately lead to hepatocytes upregulating LDL receptors to bring in LDL from blood

A

-STATINS

20
Q

PCSK9 inhibitors (LDL receptors not being degraded)

A

INCLISIRAN
EVOLOCUMAB

21
Q

binds and prevents recycling of bile salts back to hepatocytes (prevents recycling of major cholesterol source)

A

CHOLESTYRAMINE

22
Q

blocks NPC1L1
(prevents cholesterol uptake)

A

EZETIMIBE

23
Q

blocks MTTP
(microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in the liver)

A

LOMITAPIDE

24
Q

(targets apoB mRNA in the liver and reduces synthesis of apoB100 protein)

A

MIPOMERSEN

25
Q

fat from fish that reduces triglyceride synthesis and increases fatty acid metabolism (decreases liver secretion of VLDL)

A

omega-3-acid ethyl ester

26
Q

binds Gi receptor on adipocyte and blocks HSL from breaking down TG
(prevents reveres cholesterol transport)

A

NIACIN

27
Q

blocks ANGPTL3 that allows LPL to function (reduce hypertriglyceridemia)

A

EVINACUMAB

28
Q

blocks ApoCIII and allows LPL to function (reduce hypertriglyceridemia)

A

VOLANSORCEN

29
Q

PPARa agonists
(increase FA metabolism; decrease liver secretion of VLDL, increased HDL and LPL)

A

fibrates (FENOFIBRATE and GEMFIBROZIL)

30
Q

1st line drug to use for hypercholesterolemia

A

-STATINS

31
Q

SE of this drug is rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria

A

-STATINS

32
Q

CI in pregnancy

A

-STATINS

33
Q

2nd line add on to Rx hypercholesterolemia

A

EZETIMIBE (inhibits NPC1L1)

34
Q

SE of this drug is diarrhea

A

EZETIMIBE

35
Q

3rd line add on to treat hypercholesterolemia

A

PCSK9 inhibitors (EVOLOCUMAB and INCLISIRAN)

36
Q

3rd or 4th line drug to treat hypercholesterolemia

A

bile acid sequestrants (CHOLESTYRAMINE and COLESEVELAM)

37
Q

these 2 drugs increases LDL receptors
increases VLDL (bad)
reduces HbA1c

A

CHOLESTYRAMINE
COLESEVELAM

38
Q

1st line drug to treat hypertriglyceridemia

A

moderate/high intensity statins (Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin)

39
Q

1st-2nd line to treat hypertriglyceridemia

A

omega-3-acid ethyl ester

40
Q

used for patients with TG>500
SE myositis and cholelithiasis
Rx hypertriglyceridemia

A

fibrates (FENOFIBRATE and GEMFIBROZIL)

41
Q

LDL-C > 190 mg/dL

A

hypercholesterolemia

42
Q

TG>500 mg/dL

A

severe hypertriglyceridemia

43
Q

what to do if all the medicine fails to reduce TG or cholesterol levels

A

remove LDL from patients plasma (LDL Apheresis)

44
Q

process that happens in intestinal epithelial cells that converts Apo gene into ApoB100 and ApoB48 (not nonsense mutation b/c it is meant to happen)

A

RNA Editing

DIG Biweekly 2 (11 decks)

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