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DIG Biweekly 2 > Sos- Liver Dysfunction > Flashcards

Sos- Liver Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q
A

blood in liver

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2
Q
A

hemangioma

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3
Q
A

gas in gallbladder

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4
Q
A

diaphragmatic hernia

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5
Q

a diaphragmatic congenital defect allowing stomach, intestines, and liver to herniate in chest

A

diaphragmatic hernia

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6
Q
A

jaundice (icterus)

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7
Q

jaundice is a yellow pigmentation of skin due to what

A

increased levels of bilirubin in the blood (b/c it is not being secreted into bile)

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8
Q

jaundice is also associated with _______

A

pruritis

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9
Q

toxic levels of bilirubin accumulate in basal ganglia and thalamus

A

Kernicterus (Bilirubin Encephalopathy)

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10
Q
A

bilirubin encephalopathy

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11
Q

infant has fever, trouble feeding, and muscle spasms

A

Kernicterus (Bilirubin Encephalopathy)

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12
Q
A

acetaminophen toxicity

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13
Q
A

acetaminophen toxicity

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14
Q

most common drug-induced liver injury in the US

A

acetaminophen

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15
Q

this drug-induced liver injury involves necrosis of zone 3 and 2

A

acetaminophen toxicity

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16
Q

acute illness that causes liver and brain damage due to viral infection

A

Reye’s syndrome

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17
Q

13 yr old recovering from the flu experiences confusion, seizures, and loss of consciousness

A

Reye’s Syndrome

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18
Q

steatosis and hepatitis

A

Reye’s syndrome

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19
Q

fat stained with what

A

Oil red O or PAS

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20
Q

____ used for fever or pain has been linked to Reye’s syndrome

A

Aspirin

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21
Q

vitamins stored in the liver

A

A, D, E, K, B12

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22
Q

___ and ___ are essential for absorbing the fat-soluble vitamins

A

fat breakdown and bile secretion

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23
Q

stored in stellate cells; important for eye health, skin, intestines, lungs, and immune system

A

Vitamin A

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24
Q

primary role is Ca2+ absorption and bone health

A

vitamin D

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25
Q

primary role is as an antioxidant

A

vitamin E

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26
Q

required to make prothrombin involved in blood clotting

A

vitamin K

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27
Q

naturally found in meats and important in brain functions and RBC synthesis

A

vitamin B12

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28
Q

atleast 20 yr alcohol abuse

A

alcohol-related liver disease

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29
Q

elevated AST>ALT (2:1)

A

alcohol-related liver disease

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30
Q

stages of alcohol liver disease

A

steatosis
steatosis + hepatitis
fibrosis (cirrhosis)

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31
Q
A

normal liver

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32
Q
A

steatosis

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33
Q
A

steatohepatitis

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34
Q
A

fibrosis (cirrhosis)

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35
Q

damaged cytokeratin filaments

A

mallory bodies (seen in alcohol liver disease)

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36
Q

pt has fever, RUQ pain, and jaundice
elevated AST/ALT (AST>ALT)
direct hyperbilirubinemia

A

alcoholic hepatitis

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37
Q
A

cirrhosis

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38
Q

liver parenchyma replaced with scar tissue (chronic condition initiated by alcohol abuse)

A

alcohol-induced cirrhosis

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39
Q

patient has 20 yr hx of alcohol abuse and has weight loss, jaundice, edema, pale stool, confusion

A

alcohol-induced cirrhosis

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40
Q

micronodular

A

alcohol induced cirrhosis

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41
Q
A

cirrhosis

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42
Q

increase in bp in the portal-systemic collaterals

A

portal HTN

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43
Q

3 types of portal HTN

A
  1. prehepatic
  2. intrahepatic
  3. post-hepatic
44
Q
A

esophageal varices

45
Q

problem w/ esophageal varices

A

can rupture and bleed

46
Q
A

ascites

47
Q
A

ascites

48
Q
A

caput medusae

49
Q

edema secondary to obstruction of vascular flow

A

ascites

50
Q

ascites + infection

A

spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

51
Q

primary cancer of liver will live in _____livers

A

cirrhotic

52
Q
A

hepatocellular carcinoma

53
Q
A

hepatocellular carcinoma

54
Q

____ used for screening/diagnosis/prognosis of HCC

A

alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

55
Q

most common benign liver tumor

A

hemangioma

56
Q

mass of abnormal blood vessels

A

hemangioma

57
Q
A

liver hemangioma

58
Q

young women w/ long hx of oral contraceptives; complications are hemorrhage

A

hepatic adenoma

59
Q
A

hepatic adenoma

60
Q

most common malignant liver cancer

A

metastatic neoplasm

61
Q
A

metastatic neoplasm

62
Q
A

metastatic neoplasm

63
Q

a consequence of metabolic syndrome

A

metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)

64
Q

elevated liver enzymes ALT>AST
can lead to cirrhosis

A

MASLD

65
Q

rare disorder deals w/ obstruction of hepatic venous outflow + presence of intrahepatic collateral vessels and hypervascular nodules (thrombotic or non-thrombotic)

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

66
Q
A

cirrhosis w/ HCC

67
Q
A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

68
Q

ages 20-50
chronic lung disease

A

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

69
Q

lungs lack this
buildup of this in liver

A

alpha-1 antitrypsin

70
Q

enzyme that gets trapped in liver due to reduced synthesis or protein folding (lung and liver damage)

A

alpha-1 antitrypsin

71
Q

enzyme that damages lungs due to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

A

neutrophil elastase

72
Q
A

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

73
Q
A

globules of alpha-1 antitrypsin

74
Q

over absorption of iron
white men

A

hereditary hemochromatosis

75
Q

mutation in HFE gene
fatigue, joint and abd pain

A

hereditary hemochromatosis

76
Q

lack of _____, so overabsorption of iron

A

hepcidin

77
Q

serum iron bound to transferrin

A

serum iron

78
Q

made by liver and transports iron in blood

A

transferrin

79
Q

soluble iron storage protein found in macrophages

A

ferritin

80
Q

percentage of binding sites on transferrin occupied by iron

A

% transferrin saturation

81
Q

third box dx?

A

hemochromatosis

82
Q
A

hereditary hemochromatosis

83
Q

stain for iron

A

Prussian blue

84
Q

arthropathy + bronzing of skin

A

hereditary hemochromatosis

85
Q

what organ

A

pancreas

86
Q

too much copper stored in liver, brain, and corneas

A

Wilson Disease

87
Q

psychiatric manifestations and movement disorders and liver dx symptoms

A

Wilson disease

88
Q
A

Kayser-Fleischer ring (Wilson Disease)

89
Q

mutation of ____ gene important in movement of excess copper from liver to bile

A

ATP7B

90
Q

stain for copper

A

Rhodanine

91
Q
A

Wilson disease

92
Q
A

basal ganglia damage (Wilson disease)

93
Q

basal ganglia damage seen in wilson disease

A

Hepatolenticular degeneration

94
Q

multisystem disease involving liver, pancreas, kidneys, and lungs

A

Cystic Fibrosis

95
Q

mutation in CF gene and produces thick mucus throughout body

A

Cystic Fibrosis

96
Q

pancreas

A

CF of pancreas (thick mucus seen)

97
Q

liver

A

CF of liver (thick mucus seen)

98
Q

2nd most common abd injury
involves round ligament and triangular ligament

A

liver trauma

99
Q
A

Morrison’s pouch (hepatorenal)

100
Q

most dependent part of abdominal cavity, in SUPINE position, for fluid collection

A

morrison’s pouch

101
Q

b/t uterus and rectum and is the most dependent part of abdominal cavity STANDING for fluid collection

A

pouch of Douglas (rectouterine/rectovesicular)

102
Q
A

perisplenic space

103
Q

liver fxn declines w/ __

A

age

104
Q

lipofuscin accumulation

A

aging effects on liver

105
Q

inflammation replaced by portal triad fibrosis and then bridging fibrosis (due to virus)

A

viral hepatitis

106
Q
A

viral hepatitis

107
Q

productive cough
recurrent sinopulmonary infections
pancreatic insufficiency

A

Cystic Fibrosis

DIG Biweekly 2 (11 decks)

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