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A2 Clinical Psychology > Williams et al (2013) > Flashcards

Williams et al (2013) Flashcards

1
Q

What was the aim?

A

To see if a combined treatment of a 7 day cognitive bias modification training program with internet CBT after for 10 weeks would reduce symptoms of depression

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2
Q

Did they compare the data to a control group?

A

Yes

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3
Q

How did they measure improvement?

A

Using self report data

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4
Q

What was the minimum sample size for each group?

A

21

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5
Q

Where were participants recruited from?

A

The Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression

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6
Q

How were they screened before taking part?

A

By completing online questionnaires

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7
Q

How were they diagnosed?

A

Using a telephoned diagnostic interview

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8
Q

How many participants in total?

A

69 but 53 actually took part

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9
Q

How many participants in the intervention group?

A

38, 26 acutally completed it

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10
Q

How many participants in the wait list control?

A

31, 27 actually completed it

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11
Q

What did the WLC group do?

A

Completed iCBT after the intervention group had done their cognitive bias modification training and their iCBT

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12
Q

What primary measures did they use to gather data?

A
  • Beck Depression Inventory
  • Depression Scale of Patient Health
  • Kessler Psychological Distress Scale
  • Ambiguous scenarios test
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13
Q

What secondary measures did they use to gather data?

A
  • World Health Organisation disability assessment
  • State Trait Anxiety Inventory
  • Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire
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14
Q

What % of significant change was found in the intervention group compared to the WLC?

A

Intervention - 27%

WLC - 0.07%

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15
Q

What is cognitive bias modification?

A

A computerised training program, individuals presented with scenarious that could have multiple interpretations , , they are always resolved in a positive manner

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16
Q

What did the combined intervention of iCBT and CBM help to reduce?

A

Distress, disability and anxiety

17
Q

What the the WLC group do?

A

Completed primary and secondary intial tests and then waited 10 weeks before doing iCBT and then questionnaires after

18
Q

What did the intervention group do?

A

Completed primary and secondary initial tests and then had a 7 day course of CBM followed by iCBT for 10 weeks and then more questionnaires

19
Q

How do we know the CBM had an effect?

A

The ambiguous scenarios test slightly increased suggesting there was a slight increase in positive interpretations

20
Q

Is the study generalisable?

A

Large sample size makes the sample more representative of the entire population although can only be generalised to the western world

21
Q

What controls were put in place?

A
  • All completed the same primary and secondary measures
  • 10 weeks between treatment - standardised
  • All screened
22
Q

How might the data not be reliable?

A

Uses self report data which means there might be social disarability bias, may have felt like they SHOULD have improved so might have lied

23
Q

Why could it be said to be reliable?

A

Multiple different questionnaires that seem to show improvement for the intervention group, shows consistency

24
Q

What is the issue is with temporal validity?

A

Unable to establish whether the same patterns would be found weeks later as depression can be cyclical meaning that they may not feel the same if it was repeated

25
Q

What is the application of the study?

A

could reduce the time between diagnosis and treatment and potentially save lives

26
Q

Does it have ecological validity?

A

Took place at participants’ homes in a comfortable environment meaning that the environment probably wouldn’t have affected results

27
Q

What increases validity?

A

That interviews as well as questionnaires were used

28
Q

What limits validity?

A

Unable to establish if overall final change was due to one program or the combination of both. CBM could have impacted the effectivenss of iCBT

29
Q

What prevents the influence of individual differences?

A

Looked to see if there were any significant differences between genders, those who took medication and age and there weren’t

30
Q

How are ethics improved?

A

69 patients all gave informed consent before the study began and were put through a screening process to check their suitablity for treatment

31
Q

Was the overall outcome beneficial?

A

Yes, ultimately helps participants fight depression when otherwise they would have been waiting for treatment

A2 Clinical Psychology (23 decks)

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