The reliability and validity of Diagnosis Flashcards
Why are unstructured interviews not reliable?
They can lead to some clincians focusing on certain symptoms while others may focus on different symptoms, different training may lead to different lines of enquiry
What increases the reliability and validity of the DSM and ICD?
They are in the process of consistent updating and renewal e.g DSM has made changes to consider culture, more quantitative methods encouraged - counting symptoms
What is an issue with patients that affects validity?
Sometimes not all the information is gathered due to memory or denial of the patient
What did Pies (2013) say about the DSM?
That it is useful but it should not be used as the ‘diagnostic bible’ as it does not offer diagnosis for every single disorder
What does Kupfer (2013) argue about the DSM?
That it has made good progress and is the strongest system currently avaliable for diagnosis
What did Beck et al (1962) say about inconsistencies in the techniques used to gather data and the vague criteria?
That when 2 clinicians assessed 153 patients there was only 54% agreement
What did Cooper et al (1972) find about the difference between psychiatrists from London and New York?
That New York psychiatrists were twice as likely to diagnose schizophrenia and London psychiatrists were twice as likely to diagnose depression or mania when shown the same videotaped interviews
How does Pontizosky et al (2006) suggest that the ICD is reliable?
94.2% of patients were diagnosed with mood disorders again after their initial diagnosis - ppv
What did Nicholls et al (2000) find about diagnosis of eating disorders?
50% couldn’t be diagnosed, 64% inter rater reliability, still low
What did Brown (2001) find about the diagnosis of different disorders?
Diagnosis of anxiety and mood disorders was good/excellent while disorders like PTSD have symptoms which overlap between multiple disorders
What does Heather (1976) suggest about predicitive validity?
That there was only a 50% chance of predicting which treatment will be given from diagnosis
What did Bannister et al (1964) find regarding predictive validity?
That there was no clear cut relationship between diagnosis and treatment
Why is ateological validity often lacking in mental health?
It requires those to have a disorder to have developed it for the same reason, this is difficult when there are multiple explanations to a disorder and no RIGHT one
What did Eysenck (1997) find about descriptive validity?
That 2/3 of patients with an anxiety disorder have also been diagnosed with additional anxiety disorders, descriptive validity means the symptoms should be different
What did Pihlajamaa et al (2008) find about concurrant validity?
Compared case notes from diagnosis from a Finnish hospital for schizophrenia with the ICD and DSM, they were both found to be valid
