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Biodiversity and Conservation > Wildlife Trade > Flashcards

Wildlife Trade Flashcards

1
Q

Why is wildlife trade so bad?

A

Illegal wildlife trade is one of the biggest threats to the survival of some of the worlds rarest species. In fact, illegal wildlife trade is second only to habitat destruction as a cause of species loss and potential extinction.

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2
Q

What is the current situation in the EU regarding wildlife trade?

A

Millions of live animals and plants are imported into the EU each year. This is in addition to significant amounts of animal products

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3
Q

Is all wildlife trade illegal?

A

No, much of it is legitimate and some species are subject to strict legal measures

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4
Q

What additional pressure is put on wildlife because of trade?

A

Over exploitation, pollution, deforestation

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5
Q

How is wildlife traded?

A

Wildlife is often traded in Asia in open markets!

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6
Q

Why is wildlife sold?

A

Souvenirs, food, pets, medicine

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7
Q

What levels of legislation is there for wildlife trade?

A

There are international agreements

European directives

National law

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8
Q

Give an example of a key international agreement

A

CITES - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna

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9
Q

What is the purpose of CITES? and when did it come into force?

A

Came into force in 1975. It aims to ensure that international trade in wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.

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10
Q

Give an example of a European Directive related to Wildlife trade

A

EC Wildlife trade regulation

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the EC Wildlife Trade Regulation

A

Enforces legislation CITES outlines within the European Union.

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12
Q

What does CAWT stand for? and where is it in force?

A

Coalition Against Wildlife Trafficking (NATIONAL)

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13
Q

What does NWCU stand for?

A

National Wildlife Crime Unit

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14
Q

What is the WCA (1981)

A

Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981

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15
Q

What is the purpose of CAWT?

A

raises the political profile of illegal wildlife trade

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16
Q

What is the purpose of NWCU?

A

assist in the prevention and detection of wildlife trade crimes and collaborates with international partners on the promotion of improved enforcement on trade

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17
Q

What is the purpose of the Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981?

A

Protection of UK flora and fauna

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18
Q

How are species covered in CITES?

A

Species are split into three appendices depending on the level of protection they require

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19
Q

Describe appendix 1

A

Species in this appendix include species that are threatened with extinction. Therefore trade in these species is only permitted in exceptional circumstances

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20
Q

Describe appendix 2

A

Species in this appendix include species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but in which trade should be controlled as it may threaten their survival

21
Q

Describe appendix 3

A

Species in this appendix consist of species that are protected in at least one country.

22
Q

How many species are there covered within appendix 1 (both plant and animal)

A

892 species

23
Q

How many species are there covered within appendix 2 (both plant and animal)

A

33,033 species

24
Q

How many species are there covered within appendix 3 (both plant and animal)

A

161 species

25
Q

What is the internal structure of CITES?

A

Standing committee
Conference of the Parties (CoP)
CITES Secretariat
Animal and Plant committees

26
Q

What is the Conference of the Parties?

A

Collaboration of member states that meet every 2-3 years to review the progress of the conservation of species and considered amendments to appendixes

27
Q

What is the role of the CITES secretariat?

A

Arranges the meeting of the CoP and distributes information

28
Q

What is the role of the standing committee?

A

Provides policy guidance to the secretariat. Manages budget. Carries out work by the CoP

29
Q

What is the role of the animal and plant committees?

A

They provide scientific evidence, periodically review species and recommend action for unsustainable trade

30
Q

What does the WCMC stand for?

A

World Conservation Monitoring Centre

31
Q

What is the purpose of WCMC?

A

To promote conservation, protection, enhancement, and the support of nature and natural resources

Monitoring

32
Q

What is TRAFFIC?

A

the wildlife trade monitoring network

33
Q

TRAFFIC is a joint programme by which two organisations?

A

WWF and IUCN

34
Q

What is the purpose of TRAFFIC?

A

It is an international organisation that ensures the trade in wild plants and animals is not a threat to conservation

35
Q

What does TRAFFIC primarily work with?

A

The trade of ivory and animal skins

36
Q

What does the IUCN stand for?

A

International Union for the Conservation of Nature

37
Q

What is the purpose of the IUCN?

A

Their purpose is to influence, encourage and assist societies worldwide in order to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature, and to use natural resources in a ecologically sustainable manner

38
Q

The EC Wildlife Trade Regulations have four Annexes, what are they? (IT’S AS EASY AS…..)

A

A, B, C, D

39
Q

What do A, B, C correspond with?

A

Appendix 1, 2, 3 of CITES

40
Q

What is the purpose of Annex D then?

A

Annex D is a monitoring list to determine the level of trade and the potential threat to those species caused by the trade

41
Q

How did the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) become implemented?

A

It came into force as a result of the Bern convention

42
Q

What two EU Directives does the WCA implement?

A

Conservation of wild birds

Natural habitats and Wild Flora and Fauna

43
Q

What four parts are there to the Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981)?

A

Part 1 is wildlife
Part 2 is Nature Conservation, the countryside and national parks
Part 3 is Public rights of way
Part 4 is Miscellaneous

44
Q

What does SSN stand for?

A

Species Survival Network

45
Q

What does the SSN aim to implement?

A

The prevention of over exploitation due to trade, and to provide education and scientific and legal research

46
Q

Why can’t wildlife trade be banned?

A

Trade provides income for local communities

Banning trade may move the market underground and may actually get worse

47
Q

How can sustainable trade contribute to survival of species?

A

Provides value and economic incentives to local people and government

48
Q

Although CITES poses an international agreement it requires what?

A

international cooperation by governments

Biodiversity and Conservation (9 decks)

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