Wildlife Tourism Flashcards
What is tourism?
Resource based activity whereby one could interact with natural systems with a capacity to initiate far-reaching changes on the environment
How has tourism changed?
Tourism has changed from beach holidays to wildlife holidays
What happens to the environment as tourism increases?
The environment degrades
In a study by Liddle, 2007 what happened between 1960 and 1970 in an area of Wales that was used for recreation?
The numbers of recreational paths increased
Tourism was once a marginal aspect of national economic life. What is it now?
An important socio-economic asset
With such a growth in tourism what does it threaten?
Cultural and biological diversity
What is sustainable tourism?
Sustainable tourism is maintained in a way that it remains viable over an indefinite period and does not degrade or alter the environment
What does sustainable tourism facilitate?
Sustainable development
What has some tourism evolved into?
Wildlife tourism
What other type of wildlife tourism is there?
Ecotourism
What is ecotourism?
It is a segment of wildlife tourism
What is wildlife tourism?
Tourism based on encounters with non-domesticated animals, such as wildlife watching and captive wildlife
Why is wildlife tourism important?
It provides an economic income, with rapid growth in the last decade
Is wildlife tourism more important in some areas? And why?
It is more important in rural areas in Africa, and provides a higher source of income than agriculture
Give 3 examples of the impact wildlife tourism can have on wildlife
Disturbance
Disease
Pollution
Three more examples of the impact wildlife tourism can have on wildlife
Habitat loss/ fragmentation
Illegal hunting
Indirect contributions to conservation
What part do visitors play in wildlife tourism? And what is their goal?
They are stakeholders and their primary goal is wildlife tourism experience
What part does the tourism industry play in wildlife tourism? And what is their goal?
They are stakeholders and their primary goal is growth and profit
What part does government play in wildlife tourism? And what is their goal?
They are stakeholders and their primary goal is Sustainable growth
What part do host communities play in wildlife tourism? And what is their goal?
They are stakeholders and their primary goal is Profit and minimal impacts
What part do environmental managers play in wildlife tourism? And what is their goal?
They are stakeholders and their primary goal is ecological sustainability and conservation goals
What part NGO’s play in wildlife tourism? And what is their goal?
They are stakeholders and their primary goal is minimal threats and conservation goals
What impact does wildlife tourism have on the species? Give examples
Species change physiologically to tourism. For example, displaces them, alters their behaviour and changes reproduction
The Northern Royal Albatross is a species that is affected by wildlife tourism. How is it affected?
The blockage of wind doesn’t allow for the natural process of the cooling of their eggs and therefore the eggs become harder
How do people impact the chicks of the Northern Royal Albatross?
Chicks move away from people and adults only stay by the nest, therefore the mortality rate is high
What impact did wildlife tourism have on the Caribou?
The presence of people watching Caribou altered their foraging behaviour. The more observers, the less they forage
What impact did wildlife tourism have on Manatee?
It changes their distribution and behaviour
How did wildlife tourism impact on the Mantee’s behaviour?
It impacts their fitness
They didn’t lay on the bottom of the water when humans were watching
Nursing between parent and infant was altered
They didn’t swim slowly anymore
What impact has wildlife tourism had on the Nile crocodile?
Research has shown that visitors are present the nests of Nile crocodile are being destroyed at a higher rate by predators
In terms of wildlife watching, how does it impact species?
It clearly impacts the survival rates of species.
What is the overall impact of wildlife tourism on the brown bear?
Males and females will not use the same feeding ground in the presence of tourists
Why won’t males use the same breeding ground?
They see the tourists as a threat and move away
How do female brown bears utilise tourists?
They use tourists known that the males will not be there
What method have we used to entice wild animals?
Feed them
Give three examples of the pros of supplementary feeding of wildlife
Ensures survival
Increases reproduction
Money
Give three examples of the cons of supplementary feeding of wildlife
Habituation
Disease
Change from predator to scrounger
Give three impacts of wildlife tourism
Habitat disturbance and modification
Specimen collections
Introduction in diseases
What five benefits can wildlife tourism have for wildlife?
Research Finances Conservation Socioeconomic Education
What three benefits are there for wildlife tourism in zoos?
Conservation
Research
Education
What’s the problem with zoos?
Ethically wrong as mainly for human entertainment
How are exhibits in zoos designed?
To enable normal behaviour
What is ecotourism?
Ecotourism is responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well being of local people
Give two key features of ecotourism
Promotion of sustainability
Promotion of nature conservation
Ecotourism aims to do what? MBP
Minimise impact
Build awareness
Provide positive experience
How does ecotourism deal with financial gains?
Uses for the future of conservation and empowers local people
How can ecotourism benefit local people?
It provides employment/ income opportunities for local communities
In what was does ecotourism enhance awareness?
Enhances awareness of the conservation of natural and cultural access
How can ecotourism be limited?
When there isn’t a flagship species (Kruger, 2005).
Is it just a flagship species that makes ecotourism successful?
No, it is also the local community involvement that is critical to the success of ecotourism
Give an example of ecotourism in Brazil
The Sea Turtle conservation programme (TAMAR)
Give an example of how TAMAR is linked to an economic relationship
A local said that “we need the turtles and TAMAR here, otherwise how will we make our living
How has the idea of sea turtles in Brazil evolved?
Switched from a source of food to being of symbolic importance, through education
Give an example of ecotourism in Peru
Posoda Amazonas
What is Posoda Amazonas?
It’s an ecotourism lodge run by the native community of Infierno
What are the economic benefits of the Posoda ecotourism lodge?
Employment and profit sharing
Who is it managed by?
Locals and also outside company that provides economic incentives for conservation
What are the environmental impacts of ecotourism (3)?
Environmental protection
Restoration
Habitat enhancement
What are the economic impacts of ecotourism (2)?
Revenues
Direct employment
What are the socioeconomic impacts of ecotourism (2)?
Spiritual and aesthetics
Environmental awareness
What is the name of the certification for sustainable tourism and ecotourism?
Mohonk Agreement
