Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Wildlife > Wildlife Lecture Final Exam > Flashcards

Wildlife Lecture Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

How are tailed frogs unique compared to other frogs in BC?

A
  • Extension of the cloaca, which resembles a tail which is used for internal fertilization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Key characteristics of a stream where tailed frogs inhabit (5)

A
  • Cobble or boulder SUBSTRATE
  • Second or old growth CANOPY
  • 1.5 - 15m WIDTH
  • Fast flowing, high OXYGENATED water
  • 5 - 18 degrees C
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 2 species of tailed frogs are in BC, and provide their status and general location.

A
  • Coastal tailed frog: Yellow listed, Coast!

- Rocky Mountain tailed frog: Blue listed Southeast corner of BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Process of conduction tailed frog surveys

A
  • WASH HANDS
  • Check shore for adults
  • Establish 5 meter section and flag off in 1 meter sections
  • Starting downstream, start search
  • Remove rocks and put on shore checking for tadpoles with net
  • When captured, transfer to bucket for processing
  • Return debris to stream
  • Complete data
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Physical features of adult tailed frog (4) ?

A
  • No external ear membranes
  • Dark brown broken line from snout to back of head
  • Do not vocalize
  • Front toes have distinct CLAWS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Physical features of juvenile tailed frog (5) ?

A
  • Black, brown or grey in color
  • 10 - 15mm long
  • Sucker like mouths with teeth
  • White spot on end of tail
  • Tail laterally compressed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 4 goals and objectives of conducting a coastal water bird survey?

A
  • Estimate population size
  • Assess trends and distribution in populations
  • Assess individual sites important to specific populations
  • Assess annual changes
  • Improve understanding of ecology in water birds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State 4 ways to minimize bias when conducting waterbird surveys.

A
  • Assessments in same area
  • Within 2 hours on either side of high tide
  • Same equipment capabilities
  • Same observer is ideal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How to estimate large flocks of birds?

A
  • Split groups into smaller groups of 10s, 50s…
  • Use percentage that a particular number occupies
  • Take a picture to observe later
  • Practice with someone more experienced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 critical assumptions with relative abundance surveys?

A
  • Statistically constant survey
  • Biological, environmental and sampling factors must be kept constant
  • Independent surveys
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does it mean to have a “statistically comparable methods”?

A
  • Methods used in the survey must be able to be compared
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is the humane treatment of animals essential for scientific inquiries?

A
  • Animals less likely to exhibit normal BEHAVIOUR
  • Animals less likely to SURVIVE
  • The above will compromise DATA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

9 ethical considerations when conduction wildlife handling surveys

A
  • Have current KNOWLEDGE
  • Local, provincial and federal REGULATIONS and permits
  • Trapped animals are not exposed to overhandling, predation and weather extremes
  • EQUIPMENT routinely checked
  • Avoid disturbance at SENSITIVE TIMES
  • Save accidental MORTALITIES
  • Avoid transmissible DISEASE or parasites
  • Know population STATUS
  • Minimize NUMBER of animals used
  • Use SEDATION if prolonged pain or distress
  • EUTHANIZE if severe chronic pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is capture myopathy?

A
  • Disease associated with handling of wild animals

- Animal is unable to cool itself and gets HYPERTHERMIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the most important causation of capture myopathy?

A
  • FEAR/HYPERTHERMIA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe PRE-ACUTE capture myopathy

A
  • Death within minutes

- Low blood pH, damaged muscles, heart failiure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe ACUTE capture myopathy

A
  • Less severe than pre-acute, death within 24-48 hours

- Muscle rupture may occur, may be uncoordinated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe SUB-ACUTE capture myopathy

A
  • Less severe than acute, death may take a few days

- Muscle and kidney damage, dark brown urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe CHRONIC capture myopathy

A
  • Survive for weeks or months

- Suddenly die from heart attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the best treatment for capture myopathy?

A
  • PREVENTION is the only “treatment”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Provide considerations a researcher should take before taking on a wildlife inventory survey (4)

A
  • Assess consequences
  • Minimize and adverse effects
  • Balance: adequate samples for valid data, but minimize effects
  • Consider knowledge gained vs. negative effects of disturbance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Provide 5 guidelines for minimizing negative impacts of research on animals

A
  • Only get as close as you must
  • Avoid sensitive times for disturbances
  • Review literature on best methods of specific species
  • Consistency in timing and intensities of visits
  • Re-visit habituated individuals/populations to avoid disturbing other populations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Provide 5 guidelines for minimizing negative impacts of research on animals

A
  • Only get as close as you must
  • Avoid sensitive times for disturbances
  • Review literature on best methods of specific species
  • Consistency in timing and intensities of visits
  • Re-visit habituated individuals/populations to avoid disturbing other populations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some precautions to take when live trapping?

A
  • Suitable TRAP TYPES for specific species
  • Suitable CAPTURE TECHNIQUES for specific species
  • Avoid ACCIDENTAL CAPTURES of non-target species
  • Ensure trapping equipment is in good working order
  • SHADED area
  • WEATHER considerations, do not trap in rain/wind
  • Avoid trapping individual with dependent YOUNG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

When should HARP NETS be used?

A
  • Used for LARGE number of bats at roost or cave entrance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When should MIST NETS be used?

A
  • Used for catching FEW individuals

- Can cause increased chance of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Negative ramifications of improperly restrained animals

A
  • PHYSIOLOGICAL disturbances: hypothermia, hyperthermia, shock, stress
  • Altered BEHAVIOUR predisposing them to predation
  • Potential for injury to animal or handler
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

General guidelines when restraining animal

A
  • Handle QUICKLY with few people
  • DARKENED chambers/blindfolds
  • Minimize NOISE
  • Minimize excessive STRESS
  • TIME of day
  • Avoid PREGNANT, BREEDING, or animals with YOUNG
  • BREATHING is regulated when in holding bags
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the important criteria for to consider when marking animals for monitoring (4)?

A
  • Minimize immediate or long term hinderance or irritation
  • No adverse effects should be had on behavior, physiology, social life, or survival
  • Mark applied quickly and with minimal pain
  • Easily distinguishable mark
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Describe HOT BRANDING and mention if it is a recommended method?

A
  • Imprint burnt into skin

- NOT recommended, painful and stressful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe FREEZE BRANDING and mention if it is a recommended method?

A
  • Dry ice to imprint skin
  • Less painful than hot branding
  • Recommended over hot branding
32
Q

Describe TATOOING and mention if it is a recommended method?

A
  • Giving permeant mark on upper lip, groin area, or ear
  • Less painful than branding
  • Animal has to be recaptured to read tag
  • Recommended for some studies
33
Q

Describe TOE, EAR or TAIL CLIPPING and mention if it is a recommended method?

A
  • Removal or damage of animals tissues
  • May cause adverse effects on animal behavior
  • Toe clipping must never be done on burrowing, climbing or roosting animals
  • NOT recommended
34
Q

Describe EAR TAGGING and mention if it is a recommended method?

A
  • Not too painful, tag can fall off, can cause localized infection
  • Recommended for some studies
35
Q

Describe NECK BANDING and mention if it is a recommended method?

A
  • Must be carefully sized and consider growth and activities
  • Can cause abrasion to neck
  • Recommended for some studies
36
Q

Describe LEG SWITCHES and mention if it is a recommended method?

A
  • Temporary for large animals

- Ear tags prefered

37
Q

What are 2 negative effects of bird nest surveys? How can these be minimized

A
  • May decrease REPRODUCTIVE success in birds
  • May result in biased data by the researcher
    Minimized by timing visits and activities
38
Q

State 7 precautions to take when restraining a bird

A
  • QUIETLY
  • Ensure proper TRAINING
  • Minimize NUMBER of people
  • Gently hold WINGS and LEGS to prevent damage
  • Avoid interfering with their BREATHING
  • Use DARKENED chambers to reduce stress
  • Use SAFETY equipment (gloves, goggles)
39
Q

Describe LEG BANDS and mention if it is a recommended method?

A
  • A numbered band placed on leg
  • Not harmful, but animal has to be captured again to read tag
  • Recommended and successful
40
Q

Describe COLORED PLASTIC LEG BANDS and mention if it is a recommended method?

A
  • Same as leg bands but colored
  • Animals may not have to be recaptured due to visibility of colored tags
  • May result in less camouflaged abilities ?
  • Recommended and successful
41
Q

Describe BACK TAGS and mention if it is a recommended method?

A
  • Can not be used on small birds (interferes with flight)

- Tagged attached by clip to skin, or around base of wing

42
Q

Describe WING MARKERS and mention if it is a recommended method?

A
  • Wing streamer of colored plastic, used and successful on a variety of sizes of birds
  • Not successful in some ducks
  • Ensure size and shape do not interfere with flight
43
Q

Describe NASAL MARKERS and mention if it is a recommended method?

A
  • Commonly used to mark waterfowl
  • metal or plastic discs attached by wire which runs through nasal passage
  • Foliage entanglement, may result in ripped nares
  • Male ruddy ducks unable to obtain mates, interferes with courtship
44
Q

Describe DYES and mention if it is a recommended method?

A
  • Colored paint on animals fur, skin, horns
  • Can be successful
  • Generally temporary
  • Too much color can result in predisposing animal to predation (reducing camouflage)
45
Q

Give 4 steps a handler should take when working with poisonous amphibians or reptiles

A
  • Do not work alone
  • Minimize handling
  • Work with experienced handler
  • Use anesthetic or physical restraints prior to handling
46
Q

Is toe clipping in amphibians a recommended method of marking? Explain.

A
  • Yes, it is recommended
  • Appears to have no adverse effects
  • No more than 2 clipped toes per limb
  • No clipping of specialty digits
47
Q

Is removal of scutes in reptiles recommended? Explain.

A
  • Yes, it is recommended

- Healing is fast and infection is rare

48
Q

Is using dyes on amphibians and reptiles recommended? Explain.

A
  • Not recommended
  • Skin in some amphibians and reptiles is permeable resulting in absorption of harm chemicals
  • Should only be used if positive of no harsh chemicals and skin is not permeable
49
Q

Who are professional biologists primarily accountable to?

A
  • The College of Applied Biology
50
Q

Who are professional biologists primarily liable to?

A
  • CLIENT and the PUBLIC
51
Q

What is the difference between MORALS and ETHICS?

A
  • Morals: how we define our PERSONAL character, individual based. Not based on the collective or the law
  • Ethics: Set of standards as a COLLECTIVE (community, board). Guide how to act collectively as a body. Generally derived and complementary to law
52
Q

If you consider something immoral, does it mean it is unethical according to the profession you belong to?

A
  • Not necessarily. One can consider something as immoral but if the if it aligns with the set standards of ethics based on the collective profession which you belong, you have to consider whether you can continue to work for the employer who may not have aligned morals
53
Q

As a professional biologist, what are the 5 standards you must adhere to?

A

ACDII

  • ACCOUNTABILITY: Understand that you are held accountable for your actions
  • COMPETENCE: Keeping up with knowledge in the field
  • DUE DILIGENCE: Demonstrate by both actions, and documentation
  • INDEPENDENCE: Remain objective, impartial, and intellectually honest
  • INTEGRITY: Conduct ones self in a professional and ethical manner
54
Q

What is an EXPERT?

A
  • INDIVIDUAL with extensive knowledge or ability based on research, experience or occupation in a particular area of study
55
Q

What is EXPERTISE?

A
  • Acquired experience in a COLLECTIVE sense
56
Q

To determine if you have sufficient knowledge to carry out a task, what 2 questions must you ask yourself?

A
  • Do I have requisite expertise to do this task?

- Doe my knowledge in the area meet the expectations of my peers and professionals?

57
Q

If you are in doubt about your knowledge base, what should you do?

A
  • Decline the assignment
  • Upgrade if there is no detriment to client
  • Consult with specialists
58
Q

As a professional, what does it mean to be independent?

A
  • Remain objective, impartial and intellectually honest

- Independent to aims of employer, special interest groups, or personal bias

59
Q

Describe “SINS OF OMISSION”

A
  • A term for times where a professional is not required to tell absolutely everything to everyone who has involvement in a situation
60
Q

Describe “DUE DILIGENCE”

A
  • Reasonable care that a professional member of a professional community would exercise to achieve desired outcome
61
Q

What is the criteria to ensure a professional biologist has completed their due diligence (9)?

A
  • Stay within area of expertise
  • Consult with specialists
  • Meet all LEGAL requirements
  • Access and apply all relevant data
  • Reference, explain or justify any new or unusual methods
  • Follow, document and record appropriate standard of practice
  • Ensure conclusions are clear
  • Appropriate level of effort to perceived risks
  • Identify and address uncertainties of differences or professional opinion
62
Q

Who are professional biologists primarily liable to?

A
  • The CLIENT and the PUBLIC
63
Q
  1. What jeopardizes your professional ‘Integrity” (include ‘sins of omission)?
A
  • When OBJECTIVITY or HONESTY and forthrightness are weak
  • “Sins of omission” is a term used meaning there is no obligation to share everything with those involved in the particular matter. It is common courtesy and strengthens your integrity when this you are open and honest about everything.
64
Q
  1. What is meant by ‘Intellectual Honesty” and ‘Accountability’?
A
  • INTELLECTUAL HONESTY: honesty in the ACQUISITION, ANALYSIS and TRANSMISSION of ideas
  • ACCOUNTABILITY: quality or state of being answerable and carries with it an obligation to accept responsibility for an action or outcome
65
Q

What is the difference between negligence and incompetency?

A
  • NEGLIGENCE: Neglecting responsibilities or lacking concern, lack of due diligence or care
  • INCOMPETENCY: Lack of ability or skill to be able to preform a task
66
Q

What is meant by MAINTAINING COMPETENCE?

A
  • Having the appropriate skill or ability to perform an approved standard
67
Q 
Code of Ethics
#1
A
  • Provide OBJECTIVE , SCIENCE-BASED, unfettered, forthright and intellectually honest opinion, advice and reports in applied biology.
68
Q 
Code of Ethics
#2
A
  • Undertake assignments and offer opinions only in areas in where TRAINING and ABILITY make the
    registrant professionally competent.
69
Q 
Code of Ethics
#3
A
  • Ensure they meet a professional standard of CARE by practicing applied biology with attention,
    caution, prudence, and due diligence
70
Q 
Code of Ethics
#4
A
  • Provide a PROFESSIONAL standard of SERVCE to clients and employers by conducting business
    practices fairly, avoiding conflict of interest and respecting client/employer confidentiality
71
Q 
Code of Ethics
#5
A
  • Hold paramount the SAFETY, health and welfare of the PUBLIC, including the protection of the
    environment and the promotion of health and safety in the workplace
72
Q 
Code of Ethics
#6
A
  • Uphold PRODESSIONAL OBLIGATIONS to the College while in the workplace
73
Q

Code of Ethics #7

A
  • Maintain a standard of personal and PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT that does not reflect adversely on
    the College or its registrants
74
Q

Code of Ethics #8

A
  • Avoid injuring the REPUTATION of others through malice or negligence
75
Q

Code of Ethics #9

A
  • Recognize the duty to ADDRESS POOR CONDUCT and/or practice of another professional under the
    Professional Governance Act in order to protect the public interest, the profession, and the reputation of
    the College as a regulator

Wildlife (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions