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Wildlife > Carnivores - Midterm > Flashcards

Carnivores - Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are some key characteristics of the order CARNIVORA?

A
  • CANINE teeth always present
  • Have CARNASSIAL teeth
  • 3 INCISORS on both top and bottom jaw
  • Both milk and permanent teeth are rooted
  • Vertical moving jaw
  • Diversity in diets

More carnivorous:

  • Both RADIUS and ULNA are distinct and elongated
  • DIGITIGRADE feet
  • Well developed ZYGOMATIC ARCH
  • FUSED wrist bones

More Omnivorous:

  • PLANTIGRADE
  • Reduction in ULNA and FIBULA
  • Not as prominent carnassial teeth
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2
Q

What are CARNASSIAL teeth?

A
  • Teeth used for shearing and tearing flesh

- 4th upper molar and 1st lower molar

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3
Q

What are DIGITIGRADE feet?

A
  • When animal walks on the digits, wrists and heels off the ground (like dog or cat)
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4
Q

What are PLANTIGRADE feet?

A
  • When animal walks on soles of feet (like human or bear)
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5
Q

What are key distinguishing characteristics of the family CANIDAE?

A
  • DOG
  • WELL developed CARNASSIAL teeth
  • Nearly complete complement of teeth
  • Molars behind carnassial teeth with crushing surfaces
  • Long ROSTRUM
  • DIGITIGRADE feet
  • Non-retractile claws
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6
Q

How do you distinguish a wolf from a coyote in the field?

A
  • WOLF has long bushy tail that is carried straight and has a broad rostrum
  • COYOTE has bushy tail that is carried down, and a very narrow rostrum, large ears to head
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7
Q

What are key distinguishing characteristics of the family URSIDAE?

A
  • BEAR
  • LACK pronounced CARNASSIAL teeth
  • Long rostrum but short orbits
  • Large, non retractile claws
  • PLANTIGRADE
  • Thick coat, small ears, short tail
  • Breed from spring to late summer
  • Delayed implantation
  • Hibernate/torpor
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8
Q

What is delayed implantation? Who has it?

A
  • When the embryo develops into a ball of cells but becomes dormant until December when the embryo implants into the uterus and begins to develop
  • Ursidae (bear), Mephitidae (skunk), Mustelidae (weasel), Ortariidae (eared seal)
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9
Q

Do bears hibernate? When?

A
  • Yes, bears hibernate from approx. December - March
  • Body temperature drops only a few degrees, do bear can wake quickly
  • Fat is stored to allow bear to remain in den and conserve energy
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10
Q

What are key distinguishing characteristics of the family PROCYONIDAE?

A
  • RACCOON
  • NO pronounced CARNASSIAL teeth
  • Only 2 LOWER MOLARS present
  • Each foot has 5 toes
  • PLANTIGRADE
  • Omnivores and Nocturnal
  • Black mask
  • Ringed tail
  • Do not hibernate, but reduce activities and den together
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11
Q

What are key distinguishing characteristics of the family MUSTELIDAE?

A
  • WEASEL
  • Fewer but more specialized teeth than other carnivores
  • Long slender bodies
  • Short legs
  • 5 toes on each foot
  • Delayed implantation
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12
Q

Which are RED LISTED in the MUSTELIDAE family?

A
  • Badger
  • Wolverine
  • Ermine
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13
Q

Which species of MUSTELIDAE turns white in the winter?

A
  • Mink
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14
Q

What are key distinguishing characteristics of the family MEPHITIDAE?

A
  • SKUNK
  • Similar to Mustelidae
  • Anal gland that shoots musk scent
  • Delayed implantation
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15
Q

How do MEPHITIDAE differ from MUSTELIDAE in cranial characteristics?

A
  • The palate does not extend past the posterior edge of the last upper molar
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16
Q

What are key distinguishing characteristics of the family FELIDAE?

A
  • CAT: 30 teeth
  • Short rostrum
  • Sharp retractile CLAWS
  • Well developed eyes for night vision
  • Tongue has keratinized papillae to rasp flesh and groom
17
Q

What is the Jacobsen’s Organ?

A
  • An organ at the roof of the mouth used for scent
18
Q

How do you distinguish between a BOBCAT and a LYNX?

A
  • Bobcat has short tail tipped with black on DORSAL surface only, dark spots on coat, and short ear tuffs
  • Lynx has short tail tipped with black on DORSAL and VENTRAL surfaces, silver to grey coat, long ear tuffs
19
Q

What are key distinguishing characteristics of the family OTARIIDAE?

A
  • EARED SEALS
  • Small external ear pinna
  • Can hold head up on land
  • Rotate hind limbs under them to walk on land
20
Q

What are key distinguishing characteristics of the family PHOCIDAE?

A
  • HAIRED SEALS
  • NO pinna
  • Can NOT hold head up on land
  • Can NOT rotate limbs under to walk on land
21
Q

How are OTARIIDAE and PHOCIDAE adapted for marine life?

A
  • Forelimbs are for swimming and propulsion

- Hind limbs are for steering

22
Q

Which species from family OTARIIDAE and PHOCIDAE are red-listed?

A
  • Northern fur seal - (OTARIIDAE)

- Northern elephant seal - (PHOCIDAE)

Wildlife (14 decks)

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