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HP > Wildlife Diseases > Flashcards

Wildlife Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 11 important wildlife diseases

A
  1. Rabies (mammals)
  2. Canine distemper
  3. Hemorrhagic disease (white-tailed deer)
  4. CWD (large-hoofed ungulates)
  5. WNS (bats)
  6. RHD (V1 and V2)
  7. SARS-CoV-2
  8. Avian Pox
  9. Duck Plague (DVE)
  10. Avian Influenza
  11. Avian cholera
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2
Q

RABIES: What species is responsible for majority of Virginia cases? In the U.S. nation?

A

VA = raccoons
Nation = bats

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3
Q

How is Rabies diagnosed? Control measures?

A

Dx = post-mortem via brain tissue histopath -> Negri bodies + nonsuppurative encephalitis

Control = vaccination of domestic animals

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4
Q

A pathognominic clincal sign of Canine Distemper?

A

Hyperkeratosis of foot pad

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5
Q

PH significance of canine distemper?

A

Ddx for rabies as infected animals of both diseases show neuro signs of convulsions, tremors, loss of fear, “chewing fits”. However, distemper is NOT zoonotic!

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6
Q

Hemorrhagic Disease
- species
- etiology/pathogenesis
- CS

A
  • white-tailed deer
  • Epizootic hemm. dz. virus + Bluetongue virus (both orbiviruses)
  • biting midges spread to host (aug-oct)
  • oral cyanosis, fever, edema, rapid death (1-3 days)
  • dead deer found near water source

major widespread, fatal dz of white-tailed deer

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7
Q

Where in VA is Hemorrhagic disease prevalent?

A

East of Blue Ridge Mtns/Appalachia

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8
Q

Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD)
- etiology/pathogenesis
- hosts
- clinical signs + dx

A
  • Animal-animal transmission of Prions (TSEs) -> prions accummulate in neurons -> spongiform encephalopathy -> abnormal behavior (staggering, poor posture, very poor BCS)
  • Large-hoofed ungulates: deer, moose
  • LONG incubation period!! (12-18mo; 3-5 yrs)
  • Dx = post-mortem via histopath of medulla oblongata
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9
Q

What is the analog of CWD in human disease?

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (from BSE)
- no evidence of CWD being zoonotic

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10
Q

White-Nosed Syndrome
- etiolgoy/pathogenesis
- clinical findings
- significance/impact on bat populations

A
  • Fungal invasion by Pseudogymnoascus destructans, which thrives in cave envrionments (cold, dark, humid), as long as temperatures are ≤ 68ºF
  • Invasion interferes with their hibernation -> starve -> death
  • Emaciated/poor BCS; hypahe overgrowth on nose/external surfaces
  • Over 10 million bats have died; first noted in Albany caves and has spread throughout U.S. and Canada
  • NO KNOWN, SUCCESSFUL TX :(

Is an emerging disease of bats

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11
Q

Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease
- differences b/w RHDV1 & RHDV2
- pathogenesis

A
  • RHDV1: adult rabbits & first reported in China
  • RHVD2: rabbits & hares, first reported in France, lower mortality that RHDV1
  • highly contagious/pathogenic: 2-4d incubation with unrewarding tx
  • Vaccine available in Europe & Australia

fever, pallor, hemorrhage from nose, severe circulatory collapse/shock

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12
Q

What are the two types of lesions seen in Avian Pox?

A
  1. Cutaneous (dry) - proliferative nodules on unfeathered areas (nares)
  2. Diphtheritic (wet) - raised plaques in oral or resp tracts
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13
Q

Avian Pox
- transmission
- control

A
  • transmission = mosquitoes, or inhalation/ingestion of virus-laden scabs
  • eliminate mosquito breeding sites; disinfect equipment; MLV in domestic birds
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14
Q

Duck Plague (DVE)
- hosts
- transmission/pathogenesis
- lesions
- prevention

A
  • ducks, swans and geese only
  • transmission: contact w/ infected waterfowl or environment => bloody d/c from nares/mouth,
  • occurs primarily late spring (Mar-Jun)
  • prolapsed phallus, depression, etc.
  • lesions: hemorrhages on heart & liver; raised lesions in intestine; ulceration under tongue (carrier state)
  • prevention = MLV in domestic ducks (food production)
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15
Q

Avian Influenza
- species affected
- etiology
- transmission
- PH significance

A
  • domestic poultry, waterfowl, other wild birds
  • Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) surface antigens determine serotype -> HPAI or LPAI -> H5 and H7 most common HPAI
  • Transmission; highly contagious among domestic birds; contaminated feed/water/equipment with feces/secretions
  • PH Significance: incr. risk for workers to become exposed during depop for HPAI outbreaks; recent emergence in dairy cattle in Texas spread via milk

HPAI = WOAH-reportable

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16
Q

Avian Cholera
- Etiology
- geographical regions
- clinical signs
- control measures

A
  • Pasteurella multocida infects water birds
  • Mississippi, Central and Pacific flyways
  • CS: incoordination, tremors, no flight; sudden death
  • Control: disposal/incineration of infected carcasses; habitat management, disinfection, vaccination of captive flocks w/ Bacterin
17
Q

PH significance of Avian Cholera

A

Inciting agent Pasteurella multocida = ZOONOTIC!
- low risk of dz in humans, but can cause septicemia if inhaled

HP (22 decks)

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