Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Veterinary Public Health > wildlife and PH & emerging diseases > Flashcards

wildlife and PH & emerging diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what is public health

A

organized efforts of society to prevent human disease, prolong life and promote human health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

determinants of health

A

physical, social and economic environments and lifestyle&behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

two most important determinants of your health

A

income and education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

two most important determinants of your health

A

income and education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 domains of public health outcomes

A

improving wider determinants of health, health improvement, health protection, health care (public health and preventing premature mortality)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

health protection includes

A

environmental health, occupational health and infectious diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why are emerging infections occurring from wildlife now?

A

“edge” effect, detection bias and new vulnerability hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the edge effect

A

increased interfaces between people, domestic animals and wildlife; allow for epidemiological connections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what actions are causing the edge effect

A

globalization, deforestation, suburbanization, food choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does detection bias mean

A

new technologies allow for molecular epidemiology for source tracing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the new vulnerability hypothesis

A

ecosystem changes affecting wildlife susceptibility and exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what can we do to prevent emerging disease

A

sentinels for new pathogens (surveillance and monitoring), risk assessment and communication (where and when we should worry), controlling disease at the source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are mammalian portals of entry and exit

A

CNS, circulatory system, skin, urinary system, anus, genital system, mammary gland, alimentary system, respiratory system, nares, mouth, conjunctiva (PROTECT YOUR HOLES)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how do you control disease at the source with wildlife emerging diseases

A

manage human-wildlife interactions, maintain vibrant biodiversity and reducing their vulnerability, general precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

endemic wildlife disease bite example

A

rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

endemic wildlife diseases involving alimentary tract

A

trichinella (food), giardia, tularemia and toxoplasma (water), baylisascaris (hygiene)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

excluding HIV, what is the emerging disease with the most impact

A

lyme disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

endemic wildlife diseases involving transmission by conjunctiva or nares

A

tularemia or influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

endemic wildlife diseases involving vector transmission

A

WNV, lyme disease, rickettsia, babesia, tularemia, ehrlichia, plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what processes lead to the spread of lyme disease

A

turkeys used to run throughout the east; cut down all the trees on the eastern sea board, reforested with trees from Ohio, trees were better for deer population, THEN suburbinization lead to closer contact between deer and people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

endemic wildlife disease examples transmitted via air

A

hantavirus, influenza, tularemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

endemic wildlife disease that has in utero effects

A

toxoplasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

general advice for endemic disease

A

W.A.S.H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

general advice for endemic disease

A

W.A.S.H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

W.A.S.H. stands for

A

WASH (good hygiene); AVOID (provoke bites, feces, lesions in game meat, vectors); use SAFELY (food, water, handling and habitat interactions); be HEALTHY (immunocompromised, keep wildlife healthy)

26
Q

what can you track to tell whether it will be a bad lyme disease year

A

acorn levels (lots of acorns = lots of mice = ticks inhabit them —— not many acorns == not many mice = ticks look for other host, human)

27
Q

definition of hazard

A

biologic, chemical or physical agent or condition with potential to cause an adverse health effect

28
Q

definition of risk

A

likelihood of identified hazards causing harm in exposed populations in a specific time frame including severity of consequences

29
Q

risk calculation

A

chance X hazard X exposure X consequence

30
Q

health improvement domain includes

A

global health, psychosocial health, health education, impact of wider determinants & international perspective

31
Q

what has shown a causal link with human health

A

environment and ecosystem

32
Q

why is nature not necessarily pristine and plentiful

A

pathogens and parasites are endemic; contaminants are prevalent

33
Q

problems with harvesting wild meat

A

decreasing knowledge on safe harvest, no quality assurance

34
Q

problems with harvesting wild meat

A

decreasing knowledge on safe harvest, no quality assurance

35
Q

why are we concerned about emerging diseases now?

A

caught us by surprise, cost a lot of money, created public feat, created political pressure to respond

36
Q

definition of emerging disease

A

appearing for first time in a population, existed but is rapidly increasing in prevalence or geographic range, disease that has expanded host range, change in virulence or resistance, caused by a newly discovered agent

37
Q

what is most EID work focused on

A

find it rapidly and predict it

38
Q

what is most EID work focused on

A

find it rapidly and predict it

39
Q

4 main domains of emergency management

A

prevention, preparedness, response and recovery

40
Q

elements of preparedness includes

A

biomedical systems, resilient communities, communication systms

41
Q

biomedical systems can be prepared by

A

preventing entry (biosecurity), finding and containing early (surveillance and response plans)

42
Q

what makes up a resilient community

A

enhanced innate and acquired immunity

43
Q

what are communication systems for

A

public awareness and coordinated planning

44
Q

requirements for enhanced immunity

A

access to veterinary services, education and support for animal husbandry/care, vaccine production and evaluation, contingency plans for new vaccines, plans for vaccine distribution, adverse event surveillance

45
Q

targets for response to emerging disease

A

find and reduce infectious animals; stop spread; protect susceptible

46
Q

important epidemiological model

A

C is proportional to E x S (C is the number of cases; E is the probability of effective exposure; S is the proportion of the population susceptible

47
Q

how do you respond to an outbreak (3 basic things)

A

find the cases, reduce exposure, reduce susceptibility

48
Q

4 categories of surprise

A

knowable in retrospect but ELUDE DETECTION; FAIL TO RECOGNIZE actionable signal or not able to RESPOND despite warning; UNANTICIPATED consequences of socio-ecological interactions; previously INCONCEIVABLE events

49
Q

example of EID that was knowable in retrospect

A

bat associated disease (SARS, nipha, hendra)

50
Q

example of EID that we failed to recognize/were unable to respond

A

WNV in NY

51
Q

example of unanticipated consequence of socio-ecological interactions

A

ebola and EU fishing policy

52
Q

example of EID that had unanticipated consequence of socio-ecological interactions

A

ebola and EU fishing policy

53
Q

example of EID that was previously inconceivable

A

prions

54
Q

why is poverty and infection inter-related

A

poor education, sociocultural disadvantage, gender discrimination

55
Q

what are the 8 millennium development goals

A

eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; achieve universal primary education; promote gender equality and empower women; reduce child mortality; improve maternal health; combat AID/HIV, malaria and other disease; ensure environmental sustainability; global partnership for development

56
Q

how can animals improve maternal and child health

A

adding animal protein to diet; animals can help work; animals provide income for health care

57
Q

how can adding animals improve profit

A

adding fish into livestock production increases production/acre –> more profit

58
Q

what is needed to add fish into livestock production

A

integrated health management and education on how to rear the new species

59
Q

what are the benefits of ornamental fish farms

A

reduce capture of wild fish for pet trade; positive effect on income

60
Q

what are the negative impacts of ornamental fish farms

A

inappropriate drug and chemical use, release of wastes and release of pathogens

61
Q

how can adding goats achieve education goals in Kenya

A

the wife’s access to income from small ruminants allows her to pay for children’s books and school uniforms

Veterinary Public Health (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions