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Veterinary Public Health > infection control and prevention & OHS > Flashcards

infection control and prevention & OHS Flashcards

1
Q

infection control definition

A

the discipline concerned with preventing nosocomial or healthcare associated infection, a practical sub-discipline of epidemiology

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2
Q

what are 3 universal precautions for infection control

A

effective handwashing, use of PPE and cleaning/disinfection

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3
Q

cleaning definition

A

removing organic matter

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4
Q

disinfection definition

A

killing micro-organisms

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5
Q

specific measures for infection control rely on

A

knowledge of pathogen

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6
Q

modes of transmission

A

fecal-oral, food, aerosol, blood, sexual, vector

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7
Q

pathogen transmitted by fecal-oral

A

canine parvovirus

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8
Q

pathogen transmitted by food

A

diphyllobothrium

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9
Q

pathogen transmitted by aerosol

A

foot and mouth disease

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10
Q

pathogen transmitted by blood

A

equine infectious anemia (technically vector)

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11
Q

pathogen transmitted by sexual

A

transmissible venereal tumor

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12
Q

pathogen transmitted by vector

A

heartworm

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13
Q

pathogen transmitted by fecal-oral

A

canine parvovirus, neospora, e. coli

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14
Q

pathogen transmitted by food

A

diphyllobothrium, trichinella

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15
Q

pathogen transmitted by aerosol

A

foot and mouth disease, PRRS, aspergillus

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16
Q

pathogen transmitted by blood

A

equine infectious anemia (technically vector), anaplasma

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17
Q

pathogen transmitted by sexual

A

transmissible venereal tumor, brucella, tritrichomonas fetus

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18
Q

pathogen transmitted by vector

A

heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

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19
Q

what does canine parvovirus cause

A

vomiting and diarrhea (most common in pups

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20
Q

when does canine parvovirus shedding peak

A

4-7 days post infection

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21
Q

what does equine infectious anemia causes

A

anorexia, jaundice, fever, abortion (clinical disease associated with stress)

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22
Q

why is equine infectious anemia virus hard to deal with

A

reportable disease; animals are lifelong carriers

23
Q

what are some key points to dealing with pathogens and controlling infection

A

understanding pathogen lifestyle and identifying source of pathogen

24
Q

disease outbreak definition

A

occurrence of cases of disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a defined community, geographical area or season

25
Q

when can a single case of disease be recognized as an outbreak

A

in the case of communicable disease long absent from population or caused by an agent not previously recognized in that community or area; or emergence of a previously unknown disease

26
Q

advantages of using phenotypic susceptibility profiles

A

information you already have, quick and cheap

27
Q

disadvantage of using phenotypic susceptibility profiles

A

resistance phenotype is VERY POOR predictor of relatedness

28
Q

phenotypic prediction problems

A

common things are common (unrelated organisms often have similar susceptibility profiles), homogenizing effect of local antimicrobial use, horizontal gene transfer

29
Q

what are some problems with infection control definition

A

human oriented; doesn’t take into account the full spectrum of vet med

30
Q

infection control for parvovirus

A

isolate cases, have dedicated staff, PPE

31
Q

infection control for EIA

A

ID + animals, prevent iatrogenic infection, destruction of + animals, isolation in “fly proof” barn

32
Q

infection control for EIA

A

ID + animals, prevent iatrogenic infection, destruction of + animals, isolation in “fly proof” barn

33
Q

sources of hospital super bugs

A

auto-infection, spread from other animals, common 3rd source

34
Q

risks of OHS in veterinary medicine

A

risks for clients or their animals, risks of disease spread, risks for workers in clinic, risks for veterinary medicine

35
Q

what are OHS risks for veterinarians

A

chemical, biological, physical and psychological hazards

36
Q

what are OHS risks for veterinarians

A

chemical, biological, physical and psychological hazards

37
Q

what are your responsibilities to protect clients

A

entire facility should be free from hazards to public, staff and patients; safe access to the building; convenient and safe area to park; free from offensive odors; fire, safety and equipment protocols; minimize risk of disease; animals in clinics care must be safe from theft, unauthorized release or escape

38
Q

what responsibility does the clinical have regarding disease spread

A

responsibility to minimize risks associated with introduction and spread of infectious/zoonotic disease

39
Q

what responsibility does the clinical have regarding disease spread

A

responsibility to minimize risks associated with introduction and spread of infectious/zoonotic disease

40
Q

what should be included in owners comprehensive written occupation health and safety plans

A

management leadership, worker participation, hazard identification, hazard prevention and control, education and training, program evaluation

41
Q

what is the employers responsibility to their employees

A

to provide a safe workplace

42
Q

veterinarians should have training in

A

potential workplace hazards, occupation risks for pregnant or immunocompromised workers, controls for reducing workplace exposure, infection control practices, safe handling restraint and care of animals, preventing needlestick or scalpel injury, use of PPE, reporting work-related injury/illness, emergency and evacuation procedures

43
Q

SVMA statement regarding employer responsibility with chemicals/biologics

A

employer must identify and monitor use of any hazardous or harmful chemical or biologic substances in the workplace

44
Q

what must veterinarians make workers aware of in regards to chemicals/biologics

A

inform workers of nature/degree of effects to their health and safety of any chemical substance/biologics and provide workers with adequate training

45
Q

chemical and radiological occupational risks

A

disinfectants, anesthetics, pesticides, latex, ionizing radiation

46
Q

biologic occupational risks

A

zoonoses, allergens, vaccines, drugs

47
Q

physical or ergonomic occupational risks

A

animal handling, heat stress, motor vehicle accidents, needle sticks, respiratory hazards, slips, trips, falls, laser hazards

48
Q

psychological occupational risks

A

stress, workplace violence

49
Q

ways to control risk

A

elimination, substitution, engineering controls, PPE, administrative controls

50
Q

example of elimination as a control

A

remove hazard from workplace

51
Q

example of substitution as a control method

A

switch to the use of a safer chemical

52
Q

example of engineering controls

A

install an effective waste anesthetic gas scavenging system

53
Q

example of PPE as a control method

A

require use of hearing protection in an animal shelter with barking dogs

54
Q

example of administrative control methods

A

require rabies pre-exposure vaccination for workers at risk

Veterinary Public Health (9 decks)

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