Vulnerable populations lecture; rabies lecture; Flashcards
who is considered vulnerable
immunocompromised, elderly, homeless, victims of domestic violence, persons with disabilities, mental illness, chronic disease, substance abuse, natural disasters, children, isolated communities, therapy/visitation animals
who is immunocompromised
HIV/AIDS, cytotoxic or chemotherapeutic treatments, organ transplant or splenectomy (immunosuppresive), immunosuppressive therapy, co-morbidities (diabetes), elderly, malnutrition, pregnant women and children
zooeyia
pets provide relationships and increasing health benefits to offset the zoonotic risks
zoonotic risk for pregnant women or HIV
toxoplasmosis
zoonotic risks for organtransplant patients
rabies, LCMV
what organism is a zoonotic risk for children with pet turtles
salmonella
zoonotic injury
bites, scratches
what can be some consequences of zoonotic injury
rat bite fever, cat scratch fever, capnocytophaga canimorsus
what are some risky pets
reptiles, amphibians, poultry and rodents
what are some risky pets
reptiles, amphibians, poultry and rodents
2 most important pathogens for immune-compromised individuals
toxoplasma gondii and salmonella
what mode of transmission are homeless individuals particularly exposed to
vector-borne diseases (rickettsia typhi, bartonella quintana)
how can mental illness predispose to zoonoses
pica (soil eating) – visceral or ocular larval migrans (toxocara)
what pathogen is commonly involved in flooding disasters
leptospirosis
what pathogen is commonly involved in flooding disasters
leptospirosis
how do you prioritize disease
qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative
what is the only non-zoonotic ebola
ebola restin
what is an interesting pathogen that peri-parturient cats can carry and what does it cause
coxiella burnetti; causes Q fever
mechanical vector
no biological development of pathogen in vector
what disease are ferrets good models for
influenza A
what disease are ferrets good models for
influenza A
if you find a live bat on the ground it most likely indicates
rabies infection
why is it hard to find the original bite wound in a horse infected with rabies
bitten on distal limb usually –> rabies travels in peripheral nerves and SLOWLY ascends to CNS –> by the time it reaches CNS the bite wound is gone
most common clinical signs of rabies in horse
lameness and colic
clinical signs of cattle with rabies
bellow as they develop pharyngeal paralysis (the bellow fluctuates in pitch); may drool
what is present in cerebellum with rabies
negri bodies
what is present in cerebellum with rabies
negri bodies
transmission of rabies
replicates in salivary glands and is transmitted by saliva
incubation periods of rabies
3-8 weeks with outliers
what is a weird, but rare, form of transmission for rabies
corneal transplants
methods of primary prevention of rabies
vaccinate dogs and wild animals, report confine and observe animals that have bitten people or other animals, reduce human exposure to potential transmission, human vaccine for those at risk
rabies post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
flush wound and apply virucidal (don’t suture immediately); rabies immunoglobulin infiltrated at wound (passive immunity); rabies vaccine at another site (active immunization – days 0, 3, 7, 14, 28)
considerations to start PEP with rabies
nature of contact; availability of animal for observation and testing
public health follow-up with rabies
initiate search for animal; if human rabies is suspected or confirmed undergo prevention procedures
what is done if human rabies is suspected/confirmed
health care workers take precautions to avoid saliva, disinfection of soiled articles or surfaces, PEP for contacts with wounds/membranes exposed to patient saliva
who tests wildlife for rabies
PDS with IHC (5-6 days)
who tests wildlife for rabies
PDS with IHC (5-6 days)
where are dogs/cats tested for rabies
lethbridge
disease control strategy includes (KNOW)
suspicion, surveillence, quarantine and declaration of infected place, confirmation, traceout and containment, evaluation, depopulation (pre-emptive slaughter +/- vaccine), compensation, cleaning and disinfection (C&D), sentinel restocking (rare), enhanced surveillence
