Vulnerable populations lecture; rabies lecture;

Question 1

who is considered vulnerable

Answer 1

immunocompromised, elderly, homeless, victims of domestic violence, persons with disabilities, mental illness, chronic disease, substance abuse, natural disasters, children, isolated communities, therapy/visitation animals

Question 2

who is immunocompromised

Answer 2

HIV/AIDS, cytotoxic or chemotherapeutic treatments, organ transplant or splenectomy (immunosuppresive), immunosuppressive therapy, co-morbidities (diabetes), elderly, malnutrition, pregnant women and children

Question 3

zooeyia

Answer 3

pets provide relationships and increasing health benefits to offset the zoonotic risks

Question 4

zoonotic risk for pregnant women or HIV

Answer 4

toxoplasmosis

Question 5

zoonotic risks for organtransplant patients

Answer 5

rabies, LCMV

Question 6

what organism is a zoonotic risk for children with pet turtles

Answer 6

salmonella

Question 7

zoonotic injury

Answer 7

bites, scratches

Question 8

what can be some consequences of zoonotic injury

Answer 8

rat bite fever, cat scratch fever, capnocytophaga canimorsus

Question 9

what are some risky pets

Answer 9

reptiles, amphibians, poultry and rodents

Question 10

what are some risky pets

Answer 10

reptiles, amphibians, poultry and rodents

Question 11

2 most important pathogens for immune-compromised individuals

Answer 11

toxoplasma gondii and salmonella

Question 12

what mode of transmission are homeless individuals particularly exposed to

Answer 12

vector-borne diseases (rickettsia typhi, bartonella quintana)

Question 13

how can mental illness predispose to zoonoses

Answer 13

pica (soil eating) – visceral or ocular larval migrans (toxocara)

Question 14

what pathogen is commonly involved in flooding disasters

Answer 14

leptospirosis

Question 15

what pathogen is commonly involved in flooding disasters

Answer 15

leptospirosis

Question 16

how do you prioritize disease

Answer 16

qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative

Question 17

what is the only non-zoonotic ebola

Answer 17

ebola restin

Question 18

what is an interesting pathogen that peri-parturient cats can carry and what does it cause

Answer 18

coxiella burnetti; causes Q fever

Question 19

mechanical vector

Answer 19

no biological development of pathogen in vector

Question 20

what disease are ferrets good models for

Answer 20

influenza A

Question 21

what disease are ferrets good models for

Answer 21

influenza A

Question 22

if you find a live bat on the ground it most likely indicates

Answer 22

rabies infection

Question 23

why is it hard to find the original bite wound in a horse infected with rabies

Answer 23

bitten on distal limb usually –> rabies travels in peripheral nerves and SLOWLY ascends to CNS –> by the time it reaches CNS the bite wound is gone

Question 24

most common clinical signs of rabies in horse

Answer 24

lameness and colic

Question 25

clinical signs of cattle with rabies

Answer 25

bellow as they develop pharyngeal paralysis (the bellow fluctuates in pitch); may drool

Question 26

what is present in cerebellum with rabies

Answer 26

negri bodies

Question 27

what is present in cerebellum with rabies

Answer 27

negri bodies

Question 28

transmission of rabies

Answer 28

replicates in salivary glands and is transmitted by saliva

Question 29

incubation periods of rabies

Answer 29

3-8 weeks with outliers

Question 30

what is a weird, but rare, form of transmission for rabies

Answer 30

corneal transplants

Question 31

methods of primary prevention of rabies

Answer 31

vaccinate dogs and wild animals, report confine and observe animals that have bitten people or other animals, reduce human exposure to potential transmission, human vaccine for those at risk

Question 32

rabies post exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

Answer 32

flush wound and apply virucidal (don’t suture immediately); rabies immunoglobulin infiltrated at wound (passive immunity); rabies vaccine at another site (active immunization – days 0, 3, 7, 14, 28)

Question 33

considerations to start PEP with rabies

Answer 33

nature of contact; availability of animal for observation and testing

Question 34

public health follow-up with rabies

Answer 34

initiate search for animal; if human rabies is suspected or confirmed undergo prevention procedures

Question 35

what is done if human rabies is suspected/confirmed

Answer 35

health care workers take precautions to avoid saliva, disinfection of soiled articles or surfaces, PEP for contacts with wounds/membranes exposed to patient saliva

Question 36

who tests wildlife for rabies

Answer 36

PDS with IHC (5-6 days)

Question 37

who tests wildlife for rabies

Answer 37

PDS with IHC (5-6 days)

Question 38

where are dogs/cats tested for rabies

Answer 38

lethbridge

Question 39

disease control strategy includes (KNOW)

Answer 39

suspicion, surveillence, quarantine and declaration of infected place, confirmation, traceout and containment, evaluation, depopulation (pre-emptive slaughter +/- vaccine), compensation, cleaning and disinfection (C&D), sentinel restocking (rare), enhanced surveillence