Companion Animals; Zoonotic disease issues

Question 1

What is zoonoses

Answer 1

any infectious disease that can be transmitted from animals, both wild and domestic, to humans OR from humans to non-human animals

Question 2

What are the types of disease causing agents

Answer 2

bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites

Question 3

issues with household pets

Answer 3

degree/duration/intensity of contact + food/treats

Question 4

issues with pet birds

Answer 4

fecal contact and aerosolization of fecal material

Question 5

issues with reptiles and amphibians

Answer 5

habitat contamination and fecal contamination

Question 6

issues with horses

Answer 6

nasal/facial contact, fecal contamination, international movement

Question 7

routes of transmission of zoonotic diseases of companion animals

Answer 7

aerosol, vectors, oral, direct contact, fomites

Question 8

organisms spread by bites (direct contact)

Answer 8

rabies virus, pasteurella, staph. aureus, streptococcus

Question 9

organisms spread by direct or indirect contact

Answer 9

flea bites, fungal infection, staph. aureus, mites

Question 10

organisms spread by droplets

Answer 10

chlamydophila psittaci

Question 11

organisms spread by fecal-oral route

Answer 11

campylobacter, salmonella, giardia

Question 12

vector-borne spread of organisms

Answer 12

ticks –> lyme disease and ehrlichia

Question 13

organisms spread by fleas

Answer 13

dipylidium caninum and bartonella henselae

Question 14

at risk populations to consider in the home

Answer 14

young, elderly, pregnant, immunocompromised

Question 15

benefits of animals

Answer 15

enhanced social interaction, exercise, improved health, companionship

Question 16

reportable organisms of dogs

Answer 16

brucellosis, campylobacteriosis, rabies, salmonellosis

Question 17

reportable diseases of cats

Answer 17

campylobacteriosis, rabies, salmonellosis, plague

Question 18

reportable diseases of ferrets

Answer 18

campylobacteriosis

Question 19

reportable diseases of ferrets

Answer 19

campylobacteriosis, influenza, rabies, salmonellosis, tuberculosis

Question 20

reportable diseases of rabbits

Answer 20

salmonellosis, tularemia

Question 21

reportable diseases of guinea pigs

Answer 21

campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, tularemia

Question 22

reportable disease of prairie dogs

Answer 22

plague

Question 23

reportable disease of pet birds

Answer 23

campylobacteriosis, new castle disease, psittacosis, salmonellosis, tuberculosis

Question 24

reportable diseases of reptiles and amphibians

Answer 24

campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis

Question 25

what type of organism is salmonella

Answer 25

gram negative enteric bacteria

Question 26

what animals is salmonella present on

Answer 26

fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rodents (some dogs/cats)

Question 27

how is salmonella transmitted

Answer 27

fecal-oral transmission (both clinically ill and health pets may shed)

Question 28

how is salmonella transmitted

Answer 28

fecal-oral transmission (both clinically ill and health pets may shed)

Question 29

what type of organism is campylobacter

Answer 29

gram negative enteric

Question 30

which animals is campylobacter present in

Answer 30

cats and dogs (range of percentages; high in shelters or diarrheic animals)

Question 31

what is the most common campylobacter species found in dogs and cats

Answer 31

C. upsaliensis

Question 32

how is campylobacter transmitted

Answer 32

fecal-oral (both ill and healthy pets can shed)

Question 33

what type of organism is leptospira interrogans

Answer 33

spiral gram negative

Question 34

what animals is leptospira present with

Answer 34

some dogs, horses and pet rats (MAIN RESERVOIR IS WILDLIFE)

Question 35

how is leptospira shed

Answer 35

in urine

Question 36

how is leptospira transmitted

Answer 36

direct or indirect contact with urine or contaminated water or fomites

Question 37

what type of organism is chlamydophila psittaci

Answer 37

gram-negative bacteria

Question 38

what animals does chlamydophil psittaci occur in

Answer 38

psittacines -- budgies, cockatiels, lories, cockatoos, conures, amazons, african greys, love birds, senegals and jardines

Question 39

what is the causative agent of lyme disease

Answer 39

borrelia burgdorferi

Question 40

what ticks transmit borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 40

ixodes scapularis and pacificus

Question 41

what ticks transmit borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 41

ixodes scapularis and pacificus

Question 42

what type of bacteria is staphylococcus aureus

Answer 42

opportunistic gram positive bacteria (predominantly human pathogen)

Question 43

what is the reverse zoonosis occurring with staphylococcus aureus

Answer 43

transmission of MRSA from humans to animals -- animals may become reservoirs in community

Question 44

what does bartonella henselae cause

Answer 44

cat scratch disease

Question 45

what type of bacteria is bartonella henselae

Answer 45

gram negative (present in cats)

Question 46

where is capnocytophaga canimorsus common

Answer 46

in dog and cat saliva

Question 47

what can capnocytophaga canimorsus cause

Answer 47

sepsis (especially in alcoholics, splenectomy patients or immunocompromised)

Question 48

what type of virus is the rabies virus

Answer 48

enveloped RNA virus

Question 49

what does the rabies virus affect

Answer 49

CNS in mammals (present in saliva and neural tissue)

Question 50

dumb rabies

Answer 50

depression, hiding, wildlife may lose fear of humans, paralysis can occur

Question 51

dumb rabies

Answer 51

depression, hiding, wildlife may lose fear of humans, paralysis can occur

Question 52

furious rabies

Answer 52

excitement, aggression, may attack objects or other animals

Question 53

what animals does rabies mainly affect

Answer 53

racoons, skunks, foxes, bats in canada (also dogs, cats and horses)

Question 54

what type of virus is the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)

Answer 54

single stranded enveloped RNA virus

Question 55

how is lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus spread (LCMV)

Answer 55

saliva, feces, urine, inhalation

Question 56

what animals is LCMV transmitted by

Answer 56

pet rodents (mostly hamsters, animals not clinically ill)

Question 57

what are the 3 main dermatophytes

Answer 57

microsporum canis, microsporum gypseum, trichophyton mentagrophytes

Question 58

what animals are dermatophytes present in (ringworm)

Answer 58

dogs, cats, ferrets, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, rats, hedgehogs

Question 59

what are the major ectoparasites

Answer 59

fleas, ticks and mites

Question 60

types of fleas

Answer 60

ctenocephalides felis and C. canis

Question 61

type of ticks

Answer 61

dermacentor variabilis (american dog tick), rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick), ixodes sp. (black-legged deer tick)

Question 62

types of mites

Answer 62

sarcoptes and cheyletiella

Question 63

major worms

Answer 63

hookworms and roundworms (larva migrans); whipworms and tape worms

Question 64

major protozoa

Answer 64

toxoplasmosis and giardia

Question 65

carriers of toxoplasma gondii

Answer 65

cats (intracellular protozoa)

Question 66

how is giardia transmitted

Answer 66

fecal-oral transmission; can be shed by both ill and healthy pets

Question 67

which assemblages of giardia are zoonotic

Answer 67

A1, A2 and B

Question 68

important roundworms

Answer 68

toxocara canis and toxocara cati

Question 69

important roundworms

Answer 69

toxocara canis and toxocara cati

Question 70

important hookworms

Answer 70

ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala

Question 71

movements of larva around the body include

Answer 71

cutaneous, visceral (liver, CNS), ocular

Question 72

what are some emerging public health issues

Answer 72

antimicrobial resistance, alternative diets, vulnerable populations, therapy/service animals, backyard/pet poultry

Question 73

what age of animal does campylobacter cause disease in

Answer 73

younger

Question 74

what are some agents/diseases that ticks can trasmit

Answer 74

rickettsia, tularemia, coxiella, burgdorferi