Companion Animals; Zoonotic disease issues Flashcards
What is zoonoses
any infectious disease that can be transmitted from animals, both wild and domestic, to humans OR from humans to non-human animals
What are the types of disease causing agents
bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites
issues with household pets
degree/duration/intensity of contact + food/treats
issues with pet birds
fecal contact and aerosolization of fecal material
issues with reptiles and amphibians
habitat contamination and fecal contamination
issues with horses
nasal/facial contact, fecal contamination, international movement
routes of transmission of zoonotic diseases of companion animals
aerosol, vectors, oral, direct contact, fomites
organisms spread by bites (direct contact)
rabies virus, pasteurella, staph. aureus, streptococcus
organisms spread by direct or indirect contact
flea bites, fungal infection, staph. aureus, mites
organisms spread by droplets
chlamydophila psittaci
organisms spread by fecal-oral route
campylobacter, salmonella, giardia
vector-borne spread of organisms
ticks –> lyme disease and ehrlichia
organisms spread by fleas
dipylidium caninum and bartonella henselae
at risk populations to consider in the home
young, elderly, pregnant, immunocompromised
benefits of animals
enhanced social interaction, exercise, improved health, companionship
reportable organisms of dogs
brucellosis, campylobacteriosis, rabies, salmonellosis
reportable diseases of cats
campylobacteriosis, rabies, salmonellosis, plague
reportable diseases of ferrets
campylobacteriosis
reportable diseases of ferrets
campylobacteriosis, influenza, rabies, salmonellosis, tuberculosis
reportable diseases of rabbits
salmonellosis, tularemia
reportable diseases of guinea pigs
campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, tularemia
reportable disease of prairie dogs
plague
reportable disease of pet birds
campylobacteriosis, new castle disease, psittacosis, salmonellosis, tuberculosis
reportable diseases of reptiles and amphibians
campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis
what type of organism is salmonella
gram negative enteric bacteria
what animals is salmonella present on
fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rodents (some dogs/cats)
how is salmonella transmitted
fecal-oral transmission (both clinically ill and health pets may shed)
how is salmonella transmitted
fecal-oral transmission (both clinically ill and health pets may shed)
what type of organism is campylobacter
gram negative enteric
which animals is campylobacter present in
cats and dogs (range of percentages; high in shelters or diarrheic animals)
what is the most common campylobacter species found in dogs and cats
C. upsaliensis
how is campylobacter transmitted
fecal-oral (both ill and healthy pets can shed)
what type of organism is leptospira interrogans
spiral gram negative
what animals is leptospira present with
some dogs, horses and pet rats (MAIN RESERVOIR IS WILDLIFE)
how is leptospira shed
in urine
how is leptospira transmitted
direct or indirect contact with urine or contaminated water or fomites
what type of organism is chlamydophila psittaci
gram-negative bacteria
what animals does chlamydophil psittaci occur in
psittacines – budgies, cockatiels, lories, cockatoos, conures, amazons, african greys, love birds, senegals and jardines
what is the causative agent of lyme disease
borrelia burgdorferi
what ticks transmit borrelia burgdorferi
ixodes scapularis and pacificus
what ticks transmit borrelia burgdorferi
ixodes scapularis and pacificus
what type of bacteria is staphylococcus aureus
opportunistic gram positive bacteria (predominantly human pathogen)
what is the reverse zoonosis occurring with staphylococcus aureus
transmission of MRSA from humans to animals – animals may become reservoirs in community
what does bartonella henselae cause
cat scratch disease
what type of bacteria is bartonella henselae
gram negative (present in cats)
where is capnocytophaga canimorsus common
in dog and cat saliva
what can capnocytophaga canimorsus cause
sepsis (especially in alcoholics, splenectomy patients or immunocompromised)
what type of virus is the rabies virus
enveloped RNA virus
what does the rabies virus affect
CNS in mammals (present in saliva and neural tissue)
dumb rabies
depression, hiding, wildlife may lose fear of humans, paralysis can occur
dumb rabies
depression, hiding, wildlife may lose fear of humans, paralysis can occur
furious rabies
excitement, aggression, may attack objects or other animals
what animals does rabies mainly affect
racoons, skunks, foxes, bats in canada (also dogs, cats and horses)
what type of virus is the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
single stranded enveloped RNA virus
how is lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus spread (LCMV)
saliva, feces, urine, inhalation
what animals is LCMV transmitted by
pet rodents (mostly hamsters, animals not clinically ill)
what are the 3 main dermatophytes
microsporum canis, microsporum gypseum, trichophyton mentagrophytes
what animals are dermatophytes present in (ringworm)
dogs, cats, ferrets, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, mice, rats, hedgehogs
what are the major ectoparasites
fleas, ticks and mites
types of fleas
ctenocephalides felis and C. canis
type of ticks
dermacentor variabilis (american dog tick), rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick), ixodes sp. (black-legged deer tick)
types of mites
sarcoptes and cheyletiella
major worms
hookworms and roundworms (larva migrans); whipworms and tape worms
major protozoa
toxoplasmosis and giardia
carriers of toxoplasma gondii
cats (intracellular protozoa)
how is giardia transmitted
fecal-oral transmission; can be shed by both ill and healthy pets
which assemblages of giardia are zoonotic
A1, A2 and B
important roundworms
toxocara canis and toxocara cati
important roundworms
toxocara canis and toxocara cati
important hookworms
ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala
movements of larva around the body include
cutaneous, visceral (liver, CNS), ocular
what are some emerging public health issues
antimicrobial resistance, alternative diets, vulnerable populations, therapy/service animals, backyard/pet poultry
what age of animal does campylobacter cause disease in
younger
what are some agents/diseases that ticks can trasmit
rickettsia, tularemia, coxiella, burgdorferi
