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Beathy’s ACT F&R > WILDFIRE > Flashcards

WILDFIRE Flashcards

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SAT® Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the SOG that applies to ACTFR wildfires?

A

SOG 7

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2
Q

How would you get to know the area around your station?

A

Area Familiarisation

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3
Q

How would you be alerted to a wildfire as a crew at station on on an appliance?

A

DITO, MDT, ComCen, Member of the public contacting the station

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4
Q

What information would you need to obtain from someone alerting the station to a fire (or incident)?

A

Name, contact details, location and any information about the incident.

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5
Q

What level PPE should you wear for wildfires?

A

Level E

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6
Q

What are the three methods of heat transfer?

A

Radiation
Convection
Conduction

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7
Q

What are the three types of bushfire?

A

Ground
Surface
Crown

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8
Q

What is a ground fire?

A

Burns the organic material in the soil layer

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9
Q

What is a surface fire?

A

Burns/Travels above the ground surface in vegetation such as grass, low shrubs and forest litter

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10
Q

What is a crown fire?

A

Burns in the crowns/canopies of trees ahead and above of an intense fire in the undergrowth

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11
Q

What is spotting?

A

A new fire which has been ignited ahead of the main fire by embers or a fire brand.

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12
Q

Two examples of surface fires:

A
  1. Grassland- light to moderate fuels, maximum wind penetration, high ROS, short residual burning time
  2. Forest Fire- Heavy fuel loads, restricted wind penetration, bark fuels,
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13
Q

3 factors that effect fire behaviour

A

Fuel
Weather
Topography

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14
Q

Explain Fuel:

A

Types- grass, litter, shrubs, trees

Size/Quantity- Fine fuels are smaller (grass, leaves, tiwgs)
heavy fuels are bigger, thicker, denser (logs etc)

Arrangement- fine loosely packed burns quickly and fiercly

Moisture content- determined by how damp the fuel is

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15
Q

Explain fuel arrangement further:

A

Canopy, bark fuel, elevated fuel, near-surface fuel, surface fuel

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16
Q

What does fuel moisture content determine?

A

if a fire will ignite
How quickly fuels will burn
The ROS
The intensity of a fire
The liklihood of spot fires occurring

17
Q

What are the 4 factors of weather?

A

Temperature
Relative humidity
Wind
Atmospheric Stability

18
Q

Define Ladder fuels:

A

A continuous ladder of fine fuel from the ground surface to the crown of vegetation

19
Q

Explain a stable atmosphere?

A

Steady, predictable winds
Layer-like clouds
Hazy lower atmosphere
Morning mists and fogs

20
Q

Explain an unstable atmosphere?

A

Gusty, erratic winds
Clear lower atmosphere
Dust devils
Clouds with strong vertical growth

21
Q

List some indicators of extreme fire behaviour

A

Rapid increase in intensity
high sustained ROS
Long-distance spotting
Fire whirlwinds
Sudden calming of the wind

22
Q

What are some examples of refuge areas and escape routes?

A

Previously burnt areas
Large open areas clear of unburnt fuel

Always have a minimum of 2 emergency exits

23
Q

What does LACES stand for?

A

Lookout
Awareness
Communications
Escape routes
Safety refuge

24
Q

What are the offensive fire attacks?

A

Direct attack
Parallel Attack
Indirect attack

25
Q

What is a head attack?

A

All examples of offensive fire attacks.

Head would be to attack the fire from the head, usually from the burnt area. Low-intensity fires.

26
Q

What is a Flank attack?

A

Flank attacks are working from the burn out area still, but attacking the sides, or flanks of the fire. Used when fire is too intense for head attack.

27
Q

What is a parallel attack?

A

a method of fire suppression where control lines are constructed parallel to the fire edge

28
Q

What are control lines?

A

constructed during a fire incident to contain and supress fire spread
Can be existing like roads, trails, rivers
Or created like trenches, foam

29
Q

List the defensive fire strategies

A
  1. Line defence
  2. Ember Defence
  3. Backstop Defence
  4. Observe and patrol
30
Q

What is line defence?

A

Protecting individual assets under threat form radiant heat

31
Q

What is ember defence?

A

Protecting individual assets threatened by ember attacks in line of fire

32
Q

What is backstop defence?

A

Retreating to a safe zone due to fire intensity to adopt line or ember defence

33
Q

What is observe and patrol?

A

When there is no immediate threat in inaccessible terrain

34
Q

What makes an effective observe and patrol?

A

a good knowledge of the terrain, the weather and previous fire history,
to predict the movement of the fire. Changes in weather bring dramatic changes in fire behaviour;
Fire must be constantly checked and resources maintained in a state of readiness.

35
Q

What are dry and wet attack methods?

A

Dry: hand tools to break up fuel and
to remove fuels, create a narrow control line
machinery such as bulldozers to make to clear a large area to stop a large fire, or to provide an edge for a large back-burn
Back-burning and burning out

Wet: Class A Foam, water,

36
Q

6 factors of Structural Protection

A
  1. Park Appliance on Lee side, facing exit
  2. Ensure hoses can reach all the way around
  3. Two exits planned
  4. Source a usable water point
  5. Remove flammable hazards
  6. If time permits, implement control lines
37
Q

The entrapment procedure

A

-Send red message, advise location, activate distress signal
-Surround vehicle with foam if time
-Leave charged branch at front wheel
-Turn on All lights, siren
-Windows up, air con on recirc
-Ensure you have PAR
- Lower protection curtains
-Activate emergency spray system
-cover crew with blankets

Pump and engine ALWAYS Running

Beathy’s ACT F&R (15 decks)

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