HAZMAT Flashcards
List examples of hazardous atmospheres.
- Oxygen enriched
- Low Oxygen
- Toxic or Corrosive
- High temperatures
- Radioactivity
- Particulates
Explain and list examples.
Gases
Gases: too volatile to exist as a liquid or solid at typical temperatures and pressures.
(hydrogen, methane, propane)
Explain LEL, UEL and the flammability range
The Flammability Range is the ratio of fuel to air.
LEL is the lowest concentration of a vapor or gaseous substance in the air required to ignite/burn and explode in the presence of an ignition source.
UEL Is the largest concentration.
Either side of this is either too lean or too rich respectively, to burn.
Units of measurement and what they’re used for:
v/v% Oxygen
PPM toxicity
% LEL Flammability
Exposure standards TWA
TWA- Timed weighted Average.
an averaged concentration workers may be repeatedly exposed to without adverse affect.
8hr working day, 5 days a week.
Any values less than are deemed occupationally safe.
Exposure standards STEL
STEL- Short Term Exposure Limit
Concentration of a substance that workers can be exposed for up to 15 mins, 4 times a day with at least an hour break in between without suffering irritation, tissue damage or narcosis.
Exposure standards PLV
PLV- Peak limitation Value
concentration that if exceeded indicates the atmosphere is considered occupationally unacceptable.
Define an exposure standard
Exposure standards indicate safe concentrations of a chemical substance in the general occupational environment.
Explain and list examples.
Vapours
Vapours: an evaporative product of volatile liquids.
(petrol, ethanol, styrene)
Explain and list examples.
Aerosols
Aerosols: small solid particles or liquid droplets dispersed in the atmosphere. Particles small enough to stay suspended in air.
(dust, smoke, mists, fumes, coal, flour, plastic dusts)
What is the odour threshold?
The concentration at which you can small a substance
What is the IDLH?
Immediate Danger to Life and Health
It is a concentration of any hazardous substance that poses an immediate threat to life or cause irreversible adverse health effects.
Explain acute vs chronic
Acute- effects result from either a single exposure or a large dose of a less toxic substance. Effects ay show up up to 72 hours after exposure.
Chronic- repeated exposure over a period of time causing long term health effects such as cancer, birth defects, respiratory diseases.
What is 1% of ppm
10,000
What is the difference between a bump and a calibration?
Bump is done to test the monitor works and reads correctly. Done 1st day check.
If bump fails, it will automatically calibrate. To test the accuracy of the readings and the monitor.
Support Agencies
AFP
ACTAS
Roads ACT
Actew AGL
Icon Water
SES
Zinfra
CROIERG
Define Hazardous materials
Hazardous substances or dangerous goods which are hazardous to health and safety, and are defined by legislation
What is a safe oxygen range?
19.5 v/v%-23.5v/v%
List the properties of a Hazardous Material
Toxicity
Flammability
Reactivity
Corrosiveness
List the ways a hazardous material can enter the body
Inhalation
Ingestion
Absorption
Injection
Categories of Hazardous Materials x9
Explosives
Gases
Flammable Liquids
Flammable Solids
Oxidising Substances and organic peroxides
Toxic and infections Substances
Radioactive Material
Corrosive Substances
Miscellaneous
General Precautions for HAZMAT
Control the movement of people
Identify materials from a distance
Don’t guess- make sure information is accurate
Appropriate PPE
Avoid unnecessary exposure
Control Zones
Hot- an area of isolation where contaminant levels are deemed sufficiently high. Appropriate PPE.
Warm- where decon commences. May be still levels of threat from contaminant exposure.
Cold- restricted to support agencies. Casualty treatment, marshalling and assemble areas.
Methods of containment
Up righting
Closing valves
Isolating
Plugging
Damming
Absorbents
Closing lids
What are the two strategies for HAZMAT
Defensive- Involves no direct contact, safer, less exposure. Let it burn, or leak to finish.
Offensive- Direct intervention, turning off valves, isolating etc minimises damage and has quicker results/resolve.
Four levels of Decon
- Emergency Decon (HP Line)
- Emergency Services decon
- Mass
- Bulk
Level 3 casualty decon
Wet, strip, wash, cover
Considerations for siting for HAZMAT
- wind direction
- Topography
- Water access
- Water runoff
- Comfort and safety of personnel
- Proximity to incident
- Weather conditions
- Type or level of decon
The chart for Microrae reading
Draw the Decon Corridor
What does the acronym IPICDM mean
I- Identify the hazard
P- select and wear appropriate PPE/C
I- Isolate the area
C- Contain substances
D- Decontamination
M- Monitor the incident
