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DTMH - Parasitology & Entomology Slides > Wild card > Flashcards

Wild card Flashcards

Gnathosomiasis, Spirometra, Dirofilaria

1
Q
  1. Name this parasite
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  5. Name one intermediate host for this parasite
  6. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  7. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite
A
  1. Gnathostoma spp
  2. Immature adult
  3. Features:
    * Cuticular spines
    * Large cavernous lateral chords (asterisk) bisected by a lateral line
    * Coelomyarian muscle cells (darts)
  4. Dogs, cats, pigs, weasels
  5. Copepod then to frogs, fish (snakes and ducks can be paratenic hosts)
  6. Ingesting infected frogs, fish, or paratenic hosts with advanced 3rd stage larvae
  7. Treatment:
    * Albendazole, or
    * Ivermectin
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2
Q

This was removed from a man’s chest wall and presented for assessment.

  1. Name this parasite (size: 7 cm)
  2. State your reasons
  3. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  4. Name two intermediate hosts for this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite?
A
  1. Spirometra spp
  2. Sparganosis
  3. Features:
    * Size: within size range (1-50 cm) for Spirometra sp
    * Thickened and wrinkled end
    * Characteristic cleft-like invagination
  4. Definitive hosts: cats, dogs
  5. Intermediate hosts: copepods, fish/frogs
  6. Ingesting water contaminated with infective copepods or ingesting undercooked fish/frogs
  7. Removal of the sparganum is curative.
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3
Q

A section of lung tissue is shown

  1. Name this parasite
  2. State your reasons
  3. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  4. Name two intermediate hosts for this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite?
A
  1. Spirometra spp
  2. Sparganosis
  3. Features:
    * Proliferating plerocercoid larvae (sparganum) present in tissue
    * Presence of calcareous corpuscles
  4. Definitive hosts: cats, dogs
  5. Intermediate hosts: copepods, fish/frogs
  6. Ingesting water contaminated with infective copepods or ingesting undercooked fish/frogs
  7. Removal of the sparganum is curative.
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4
Q

A section of lung tissue is shown

  1. Name this parasite
  2. State your reasons
  3. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  4. Name one vector for this parasite
  5. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite?
A
  1. Dirofilaria immitis
  2. Features:
    * Lateral chords with an internal ridge
    * Smooth cuticle (compared to other Dirofilaria sp.)
    * Tall coelomyrian musculature
  3. Dogs
  4. Mansonia, Aedes, Anopheles
  5. Surgical removal of nodules

N.b Coin lesions on X-ray can be D. immitis

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5
Q

This parasite was removed from a patient and submitted for assessment

  1. Name this parasite
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  5. Name one intermediate host for this parasite
  6. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  7. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite
A
  1. Gnathostoma spp
  2. Immature adult
  3. Features:
    * Red colouration from staining of oxidized hemoglobin
    * Cephalic bulb
  4. Dogs, cats, pigs, weasels
  5. Copepod then to frogs, fish (snakes and ducks can be paratenic hosts)
  6. Ingesting infected frogs, fish, or paratenic hosts with advanced 3rd stage larvae
  7. Treatment:
    * Albendazole, or
    * Ivermectin
How well did you know this?
1
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6
Q
  1. What disease is caused by this parasite?
  2. Name two possible organisms to the genus level.
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one intermediate host for this parasite
  5. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  6. How do humans become infected with this parasite?
  7. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite
A
  1. Anisakiasis
  2. Anisakis( Y-shaped lateral chords whereas Pseudoterranova have have butterfly-shaped)
  3. Features:
    * Y-shaped lateral chords
    * Tall muscle cells
    * Multi-layered cuticle
  4. Crustacean
  5. Dolphins, seals
  6. By consuming paratenic hosts (fish, squid) infected with the L3 larvae that have not been cooked or frozen appropriately
  7. Removal of larvae or it may spontaneously emerge. Albendazole is another option
How well did you know this?
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7
Q

A section of lung tissue is shown

  1. Name this parasite
  2. State your reasons
  3. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  4. Name one vector for this parasite
  5. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite?
A
  1. Dirofilaria immitis
  2. Features:
    * Lateral chords with an internal ridge
    * Smooth cuticle (compared to other Dirofilaria sp.)
    * Tall coelomyrian musculature
  3. Dogs
  4. Mansonia, Aedes, Anopheles
  5. Surgical removal of nodules

N.b Coin lesions on X-ray can be D. immitis

How well did you know this?
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8
Q

A skin section is shown

  1. Name this parasite
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  5. Name one intermediate host for this parasite
  6. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  7. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite
A
  1. Gnathostoma spp
  2. Immature adult
  3. Features:
    * Cuticular spines (not seen here)
    * Large cavernous lateral chords bisected by a lateral line
    * Coelomyarian muscle cells
  4. Dogs, cats, pigs, weasels
  5. Copepod then to frogs, fish (snakes and ducks can be paratenic hosts)
  6. Ingesting infected frogs, fish, or paratenic hosts with advanced 3rd stage larvae
  7. Treatment:
    * Albendazole, or
    * Ivermectin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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9
Q

This was removed from a man’s chest wall and presented for assessment.

  1. Name this parasite (size: 6 cm)
  2. State your reasons
  3. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  4. Name two intermediate hosts for this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite?
A
  1. Spirometra spp
  2. Sparganosis
  3. Features:
    * Size: within size range (1-50 cm) for Spirometra sp
    * Thickened and wrinkled end
    * Characteristic cleft-like invagination
  4. Definitive hosts: cats, dogs
  5. Intermediate hosts: copepods, fish/frogs
  6. Ingesting water contaminated with infective copepods or ingesting undercooked fish/frogs
  7. Removal of the sparganum is curative.
How well did you know this?
1
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10
Q

This was removed from a man’s eye and presented for assessment.

  1. Name this parasite (size: 4 cm)
  2. State your reasons
  3. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  4. Name two intermediate hosts for this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite?
A
  1. Spirometra spp
  2. Sparganosis
  3. Features:
    * Size: within size range (1-50 cm) for Spirometra sp
    * Thickened and wrinkled end
    * Characteristic cleft-like invagination
  4. Definitive hosts: cats, dogs
  5. Intermediate hosts: copepods, fish/frogs
  6. Ingesting water contaminated with infective copepods or ingesting undercooked fish/frogs
  7. Removal of the sparganum is curative.
How well did you know this?
1
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11
Q

A section of groin tissue is shown

  1. Name this parasite
  2. What disease does this parasite cause?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  5. Name two intermediate hosts for this parasite
  6. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  7. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite?
A
  1. Spirometra spp
  2. Sparganosis
  3. Features:
    * Proliferating plerocercoid larvae (sparganum) present in tissue
  4. Definitive hosts: cats, dogs
  5. Intermediate hosts: copepods, fish/frogs
  6. Ingesting water contaminated with infective copepods or ingesting undercooked fish/frogs
  7. Removal of the sparganum is curative.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
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12
Q

A section of lung tissue is shown

  1. Name this parasite
  2. State your reasons
  3. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  4. Name two intermediate hosts for this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite?
A
  1. Spirometra spp
  2. Sparganosis
  3. Features:
    * Proliferating plerocercoid larvae (sparganum) present in tissue
    * Presence of calcareous corpuscles
  4. Definitive hosts: cats, dogs
  5. Intermediate hosts: copepods, fish/frogs
  6. Ingesting water contaminated with infective copepods or ingesting undercooked fish/frogs
  7. Removal of the sparganum is curative.
How well did you know this?
1
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13
Q

A section of a skin nodule is shown in a man from Ghana

  1. Name this parasite
  2. State your reasons
  3. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  4. Name one vector for this parasite
  5. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite?
A
  1. Dirofilaria repens
  2. Features:
    * Lateral chords with an internal ridge
    * Ridged cuticle (compared to smooth in Dirofilaria immitis.)
    * Tall coelomyrian musculature
  3. Dogs (repens)
  4. Mansonia, Aedes, Anopheles
  5. Surgical removal of nodules
How well did you know this?
1
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14
Q

A skin section is shown

  1. Name this parasite
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  5. Name one intermediate host for this parasite
  6. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  7. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite
A
  1. Gnathostoma spp
  2. Immature adult
  3. Features:
    * Cuticular spines (not seen here)
    * Large cavernous lateral chords (asterisk) bisected by a lateral line
    * Coelomyarian muscle cells (darts)
  4. Dogs, cats, pigs, weasels
  5. Copepod then to frogs, fish (snakes and ducks can be paratenic hosts)
  6. Ingesting infected frogs, fish, or paratenic hosts with advanced 3rd stage larvae
  7. Treatment:
    * Albendazole, or
    * Ivermectin
How well did you know this?
1
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15
Q

A section of small intestine is presented

  1. What disease is caused by this parasite?
  2. Name two possible organisms to the genus level.
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one intermediate host for this parasite
  5. Name one definitive host for this parasite
  6. How do humans become infected with this parasite?
  7. What is the treatment for infection with this parasite
A
  1. Anisakiasis
  2. Pseudoterranova; Contracaecum (Anisakis have Y-shaped lateral chords whereas these geni have butterfly-shaped)
  3. Features:
    * Butterfly-shaped lateral chords
    * Tall muscle cells
    * Multi-layered cuticle
  4. Crustacean
  5. Dolphins, seals
  6. By consuming paratenic hosts (fish, squid) infected with the L3 larvae that have not been cooked or frozen appropriately
  7. Removal of larvae or it may spontaneously emerge. Albendazole is another option
How well did you know this?
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DTMH - Parasitology & Entomology Slides (20 decks)

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