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DTMH - Parasitology & Entomology Slides > Gut protozoa > Flashcards

Gut protozoa Flashcards

E histolytica, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Blastocystis

1
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 140 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one reservoir for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Balantidium coli
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Characteristic large trophozoite
    * Within the size range (40-200 um) for B. coli trophozoites
    * Ciliated surface
    * Cytosome
    * Bean-shaped macronucleus
  4. Pigs
  5. Consumption of contaminated food/water
  6. Tetracycline (most common, also sensitive to metronidazole, paromomycin)

Note cytosome to right and bean-shaped macronucleus

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2
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 8 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one non-human host for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cyclospora cayetanensis
  2. Oocyst
  3. Characteristic rounded oocyst
    * Within size range (7.5-10 um) of C. cayetanensis oocysts
    * (Autofluoresce under UV microscopy)
  4. Humans are only major host
  5. Consumption of contaminated food/water
  6. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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3
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 20 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Characteristic trophozoite
    * Within the typical size range (15-20 um; overall range 10-60 um) for E. histolytica trophozoites
    * Single nuclei with centrally located karyosomes and uniformly distributed peripheral chromatin
    * Ingested erythrocyte (therefore histolytica)
    * Cytoplasm has a ground glass appearance
  4. Invasive disease: Metronidazole/Tinidazole/Nitazoxanide followed by luminal agent Diloxanide furoate/paromomycin/iodoquinol

N.b. non-invasive only requires luminal agent

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4
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 12 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar
  2. Cyst
  3. Characteristic cyst
    * Within the size range (12-15 um) for E. histolytica
    * 4 nuclei with centrally located karyosomes and uniformly distributed chromatin
    * Chromatoid bodies (may be visible)
  4. Invasive disease: Metronidazole/Tinidazole/Nitazoxanide followed by luminal agent Diloxanide furoate/paromomycin/iodoquinol

N.b. non-invasive only requires luminal agent

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5
Q
  1. Name this parasite
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one intermediate host for this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite?
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Sarcocystis spp.
  2. Sarcocyst
  3. Characteristic sarcocyst containing bradyzoites within muscle tissue
  4. Many hosts of non-human Sarcocysts spp.
  5. Humans become infected with non-human Sarcocystis spp. when consuming oocysts of non-human Sarcocystis spp.
  6. Prednisone can be used to treat inflammation. Albendazole is controversial
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6
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 5 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one non-human host for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cryptosporidium sp.
  2. Oocyst
  3. Characteristic rounded oocyst
    * Within size range (4.2-5.4 um) of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts
    * Stain bright red in acid-fast
  4. Cattle
  5. Consumption of contaminated water
  6. Nitazoxanide
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7
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 8 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one non-human host for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Blastocystis hominis
  2. Vacuolar form
  3. Characteristic vacuolar form
    * Within the typical size range (8-10 um; overall range 5-40 um) for B. hominis vacuolar forms
    * Central vacuole surrounded by a thin ring of cytoplasm containing up to 6 nuclei
    * Vacuoles stain variably with trichrome
  4. Pigs, dogs
  5. Consuming the undetermined infectious stage of B. hominis
  6. Not needed if asymptomatic and is controversial. Metronidazole is an option
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8
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 19 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Characteristic trophozoite
    * Within the typical size range (15-20 um; overall range 10-60 um) for E. histolytica trophozoites
    * Single nuclei with centrally located karyosomes and uniformly distributed peripheral chromatin
    * Cytoplasm has a ground glass appearance
  4. Invasive disease: Metronidazole/Tinidazole/Nitazoxanide followed by luminal agent Diloxanide furoate/paromomycin/iodoquinol

N.b. non-invasive only requires luminal agent

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9
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 17 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one intermediate host for this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite?
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Sarcocystis spp (hominis or suihominis)
  2. Sporocyst
  3. Features
    * Size: Within size range (15-20 um) for the length of a single sporocyst
    * Singular sporocyst shed as oocyst wall is thin and may rupture when passed in fecese
    * Sporocysts contains four sporozoites and a refractile residual body
    * Autofluoresce under UV microscopy
  4. Cattle (hominis), pigs (suihominis)
  5. Eating undercooked beef or pork with cysts containing bradyzoites in the muscle of the meat
  6. Treatment not needed and will self-clear
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10
Q

A section of muscle is shown

  1. Name this parasite
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one intermediate host for this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite?
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Sarcocystis spp.
  2. Sarcocyst
  3. Characteristic sarcocyst containing bradyzoites within muscle tissue
  4. Many hosts of non-human Sarcocysts spp.
  5. Humans become infected with non-human Sarcocystis spp. when consuming oocysts of non-human Sarcocystis spp.
  6. Prednisone can be used to treat inflammation. Albendazole is controversial
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11
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 8 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one non-human host for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Blastocystis hominis
  2. Vacuolar form
  3. Characteristic vacuolar form
    * Within the typical size range (8-10 um; overall range 5-40 um) for B. hominis vacuolar forms
    * Central vacuole surrounded by a thin ring of cytoplasm containing up to 6 nuclei
    * Vacuoles stain variably with trichrome
  4. Pigs, dogs
  5. Consuming the undetermined infectious stage of B. hominis
  6. Not needed if asymptomatic and is controversial. Metronidazole is an option
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12
Q
  1. Name this parasite (7 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Dientamoeba fragilis
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Features
    * Size: within size range (5-15 um) for D. fragilis trophozoites
    * Uninucleate
    * Nucleus with fragmented karyosome and discrete chromatin granules
    * Thin nuclear membrane
  4. Treatment:
    * Paromomycin
    * Iodoquinol
    * Metronidazole (not FDA approved)
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13
Q
  1. Name this parasite (8 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Dientamoeba fragilis
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Features
    * Size: within size range (5-15 um) for D. fragilis trophozoites
    * Binucleate
    * Nucleus with fragmented karyosome and discrete chromatin granules
    * Thin nuclear membrane
  4. Treatment:
    * Paromomycin
    * Iodoquinol
    * Metronidazole (not FDA approved)
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14
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 140 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one reservoir for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Balantidium coli
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Characteristic large trophozoite
    * Within the size range (40-200 um) for B. coli trophozoites
    * Ciliated surface
    * Cytosome
    * Bean-shaped macronucleus
  4. Pigs
  5. Consumption of contaminated food/water
  6. Tetracycline (most common, also sensitive to metronidazole, paromomycin)

Arrow: Cytosome. Note bean-shaped macronucleus

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15
Q

A section of intestine is shown

  1. Name this parasite (size 26 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one lab feature of infection with this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cystoisospora belli
  2. Oocyst (immature)
  3. Features:
    * Size: within size range (25-30 um) for cystoisospora belli
    * Containing a single sporoblast
    * Ellipsoidal shape
    * Autofluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) microscopy
  4. Eosinophilia (not found in other intestinal protozoans)
  5. Ingestion of sporocysts-containing oocysts (no intermediate host)
  6. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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16
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 17 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one intermediate host for this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite?
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Sarcocystis spp (hominis or suihominis)
  2. Oocyst (sporulated)
  3. Features
    * Size: within size range (15-20 um long by 15-20um wide for full oocyst) of sporulated Sarcocystis spp oocysts
    * Contains two sporocysts
    * Sporocysts contains four sporozoites and a refractile residual body
    * Autofluoresce under UV microscopy
  4. Cattle (hominis), pigs (suihominis)
  5. Eating undercooked beef or pork with cysts containing bradyzoites in the muscle of the meat
  6. Treatment not needed and will self-clear
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17
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 26 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one lab feature of infection with this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cystoisospora belli
  2. Oocyst (immature)
  3. Features:
    * Size: within size range (25-30 um) for cystoisospora belli
    * Containing a single sporoblast
    * Ellipsoidal shape
    * Autofluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) microscopy
  4. Eosinophilia (not found in other intestinal protozoans)
  5. Ingestion of sporocysts-containing oocysts (no intermediate host)
  6. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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18
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 14 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Characteristic pear-shaped trophozoite
    * Within the size range (10-20 um) of G. lamblia trophozoites
    * 2 nuclei
    * Median bodies
    * Sucking disc
    * Flagella
  4. Tinidazole, metronidazole
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19
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 27 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one lab feature of infection with this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cystoisospora belli
  2. Oocyst (immature)
  3. Features:
    * Size: within size range (25-30 um) for cystoisospora belli
    * Containing a single sporoblast
    * Ellipsoidal shape
    * Autofluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) microscopy
  4. Eosinophilia (not found in other intestinal protozoans)
  5. Ingestion of sporocysts-containing oocysts (no intermediate host)
  6. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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20
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 29 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one lab feature of infection with this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cystoisospora belli
  2. Oocyst (immature)
  3. Features:
    * Size: within size range (25-30 um) for cystoisospora belli
    * Containing two sporoblasts
    * Ellipsoidal shape
    * Autofluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) microscopy
  4. Eosinophilia (not found in other intestinal protozoans)
  5. Ingestion of sporocysts-containing oocysts (no intermediate host)
  6. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
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21
Q

A section of intestine is shown

  1. Name this parasite (size 27 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one lab feature of infection with this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cystoisospora belli
  2. Oocyst (immature)
  3. Features:
    * Size: within size range (25-30 um) for cystoisospora belli
    * Containing a single sporoblast
    * Ellipsoidal shape
    * Autofluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) microscopy
  4. Eosinophilia (not found in other intestinal protozoans)
  5. Ingestion of sporocysts-containing oocysts (no intermediate host)
  6. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
How well did you know this?
1
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22
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 17 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one intermediate host for this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite?
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Sarcocystis spp (hominis or suihominis)
  2. Oocyst (sporulated)
  3. Features
    * Size: within size range (15-20 um long by 15-20um wide for full oocyst) of sporulated Sarcocystis spp oocysts
    * Contains two sporocysts
    * Sporocysts contains four sporozoites and a refractile residual body
    * Autofluoresce under UV microscopy
  4. Cattle (hominis), pigs (suihominis)
  5. Eating undercooked beef or pork with cysts containing bradyzoites in the muscle of the meat
  6. Treatment not needed and will self-clear
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23
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 25 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one lab feature of infection with this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cystoisospora belli
  2. Oocyst (immature)
  3. Features:
    * Size: within size range (25-30 um) for cystoisospora belli
    * Containing a single sporoblast
    * Ellipsoidal shape
    * Autofluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) microscopy
  4. Eosinophilia (not found in other intestinal protozoans)
  5. Ingestion of sporocysts-containing oocysts (no intermediate host)
  6. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
24
Q
  1. Name this parasite (12 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Dientamoeba fragilis
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Features
    * Size: within size range (5-15 um) for D. fragilis trophozoites
    * Binucleate
    * Nucleus with fragmented karyosome and discrete chromatin granules
    * Thin nuclear membrane
  4. Treatment:
    * Paromomycin
    * Iodoquinol
    * Metronidazole (not FDA approved)
25
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 20 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Characteristic trophozoite
    * Within the typical size range (15-20 um; overall range 10-60 um) for E. histolytica trophozoites
    * Single nuclei with centrally located karyosomes and uniformly distributed peripheral chromatin
    * Cytoplasm has a ground glass appearance
  4. Invasive disease: Metronidazole/Tinidazole/Nitazoxanide followed by luminal agent Diloxanide furoate/paromomycin/iodoquinol

N.b. non-invasive only requires luminal agent

26
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 10 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Cyst
  3. Characteristic cyst
    * Within the size range (8-19 um; average 10-14 um) of G. lamblia cysts
    * Up to 4 nuclei may be visible (4 in mature, 2 in immature cysts)
    * Presence of fibrils
  4. Tinidazole, metronidazole
27
Q
  1. Name this parasite (10 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Dientamoeba fragilis
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Features
    * Size: within size range (5-15 um) for D. fragilis trophozoites
    * Binucleate
    * Nucleus with fragmented karyosome and discrete chromatin granules
    * Thin nuclear membrane
  4. Treatment:
    * Paromomycin
    * Iodoquinol
    * Metronidazole (not FDA approved)
28
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 18 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Characteristic trophozoite
    * Within the typical size range (15-20 um; overall range 10-60 um) for E. histolytica trophozoites
    * Single nuclei with centrally located karyosomes and uniformly distributed peripheral chromatin
    * Cytoplasm has a ground glass appearance
  4. Invasive disease: Metronidazole/Tinidazole/Nitazoxanide followed by luminal agent Diloxanide furoate/paromomycin/iodoquinol

N.b. non-invasive only requires luminal agent

29
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 5 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one non-human host for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cryptosporidium sp.
  2. Oocyst
  3. Characteristic rounded oocyst
    * Within size range (4.2-5.4 um) of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts
    * Stain bright red in acid-fast
  4. Cattle
  5. Consumption of contaminated water
  6. Nitazoxanide
30
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 10 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one non-human host for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Blastocystis hominis
  2. Vacuolar form
  3. Characteristic vacuolar form
    * Within the typical size range (8-10 um; overall range 5-40 um) for B. hominis vacuolar forms
    * Central vacuole surrounded by a thin ring of cytoplasm containing up to 6 nuclei
    * Vacuoles stain variably with trichrome
  4. Pigs, dogs
  5. Consuming the undetermined infectious stage of B. hominis
  6. Not needed if asymptomatic and is controversial. Metronidazole is an option
31
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 11 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Cyst
  3. Characteristic cyst
    * Within the size range (8-19 um; average 10-14 um) of G. lamblia cysts
    * Up to 4 nuclei may be visible (4 in mature, 2 in immature cysts)
    * Presence of fibrils
  4. Tinidazole, metronidazole
32
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 14 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar
  2. Cyst
  3. Characteristic cyst
    * Within the size range (12-15 um) for E. histolytica
    * 4 nuclei with centrally located karyosomes and uniformly distributed chromatin
    * Chromatoid bodies (may be visible)
  4. Invasive disease: Metronidazole/Tinidazole/Nitazoxanide followed by luminal agent Diloxanide furoate/paromomycin/iodoquinol

N.b. non-invasive only requires luminal agent

33
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 5 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one non-human host for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cryptosporidium sp.
  2. Oocyst
  3. Characteristic rounded oocyst
    * Within size range (4.2-5.4 um) of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts
    * Stain bright red in acid-fast
  4. Cattle
  5. Consumption of contaminated water
  6. Nitazoxanide
34
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 30 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one lab feature of infection with this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cystoisospora belli
  2. Oocyst (immature)
  3. Features:
    * Size: within size range (25-30 um) for cystoisospora belli
    * Containing a single sporoblast
    * Ellipsoidal shape
    * Autofluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) microscopy
  4. Eosinophilia (not found in other intestinal protozoans)
  5. Ingestion of sporocysts-containing oocysts (no intermediate host)
  6. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
35
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 80 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one reservoir for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Balantidium coli
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Characteristic large trophozoite
    * Within the size range (40-200 um) for B. coli trophozoites
    * Ciliated surface
    * Cytosome
    * Bean-shaped macronucleus
  4. Pigs
  5. Consumption of contaminated food/water
  6. Tetracycline (most common, also sensitive to metronidazole, paromomycin)
36
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 16 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Characteristic pear-shaped trophozoite
    * Within the size range (10-20 um) of G. lamblia trophozoites
    * 2 nuclei
    * Median bodies
    * Sucking disc
    * Flagella
  4. Tinidazole, metronidazole
37
Q
  1. Name this parasite (11 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Dientamoeba fragilis
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Features
    * Size: within size range (5-15 um) for D. fragilis trophozoites
    * Uninucleate
    * Nucleus with fragmented karyosome and discrete chromatin granules
    * Thin nuclear membrane
  4. Treatment:
    * Paromomycin
    * Iodoquinol
    * Metronidazole (not FDA approved)
38
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 5 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one non-human host for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cryptosporidium sp.
  2. Oocyst
  3. Characteristic rounded oocyst
    * Within size range (4.2-5.4 um) of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts
    * Stain bright red in acid-fast
  4. Cattle
  5. Consumption of contaminated water
  6. Nitazoxanide
39
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 13 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar
  2. Cyst
  3. Characteristic cyst
    * Within the size range (12-15 um) for E. histolytica
    * 4 nuclei with centrally located karyosomes and uniformly distributed chromatin
    * Chromatoid bodies (may be visible)
  4. Invasive disease: Metronidazole/Tinidazole/Nitazoxanide followed by luminal agent Diloxanide furoate/paromomycin/iodoquinol
40
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 9 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one non-human host for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Blastocystis hominis
  2. Vacuolar form
  3. Characteristic vacuolar form
    * Within the typical size range (8-10 um; overall range 5-40 um) for B. hominis vacuolar forms
    * Central vacuole surrounded by a thin ring of cytoplasm containing up to 6 nuclei
    * Vacuoles stain variably with trichrome
  4. Pigs, dogs
  5. Consuming the undetermined infectious stage of B. hominis
  6. Not needed if asymptomatic and is controversial. Metronidazole is an option
41
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 18 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Cyst
  3. Characteristic cyst
    * Within the size range (8-19 um; average 10-14 um) of G. lamblia cysts
    * Up to 4 nuclei may be visible (4 in mature, 2 in immature cysts)
    * Presence of fibrils
  4. Tinidazole, metronidazole
42
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 15 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar
  2. Cyst
  3. Characteristic cyst
    * Within the size range (12-15 um) for E. histolytica
    * 4 nuclei with centrally located karyosomes and uniformly distributed chromatin
    * Chromatoid bodies (may be visible)
  4. Invasive disease: Metronidazole/Tinidazole/Nitazoxanide followed by luminal agent Diloxanide furoate/paromomycin/iodoquinol

N.b. non-invasive only requires luminal agent

43
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 5 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one non-human host for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cryptosporidium sp.
  2. Oocyst
  3. Characteristic rounded oocyst
    * Within size range (4.2-5.4 um) of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts
    * Stain bright red in acid-fast
  4. Cattle
  5. Consumption of contaminated water
  6. Nitazoxanide
44
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 14 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar
  2. Cyst
  3. Characteristic cyst
    * Within the size range (12-15 um) for E. histolytica
    * 4 nuclei with centrally located karyosomes and uniformly distributed chromatin
    * Chromatoid bodies (may be visible)
  4. Invasive disease: Metronidazole/Tinidazole/Nitazoxanide followed by luminal agent Diloxanide furoate/paromomycin/iodoquinol

N.b. non-invasive only requires luminal agent

45
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 17 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Characteristic pear-shaped trophozoite
    * Within the size range (10-20 um) of G. lamblia trophozoites
    * 2 nuclei
    * Median bodies
    * Sucking disc
    * Flagella
  4. Tinidazole, metronidazole
46
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 12 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Cyst
  3. Characteristic cyst
    * Within the size range (8-19 um; average 10-14 um) of G. lamblia cysts
    * Up to 4 nuclei may be visible (4 in mature, 2 in immature cysts)
    * Presence of fibrils
  4. Tinidazole, metronidazole
47
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 8 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one non-human host for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cyclospora cayetanensis
  2. Oocyst
  3. Characteristic rounded oocyst
    * Within size range (7.5-10 um) of C. cayetanensis oocysts
    * (Autofluoresce under UV microscopy)
  4. Humans are only major host
  5. Consumption of contaminated food/water
  6. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
48
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 8 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one non-human host for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cyclospora cayetanensis
  2. Oocyst
  3. Characteristic rounded oocyst
    * Within size range (7.5-10 um) of C. cayetanensis oocysts
    * (Autofluoresce under UV microscopy)
  4. Humans are only major host
  5. Consumption of contaminated food/water
  6. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
49
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 15 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Characteristic pear-shaped trophozoite
    * Within the size range (10-20 um) of G. lamblia trophozoites
    * 2 nuclei
    * Median bodies
    * Sucking disc
    * Flagella
  4. Tinidazole, metronidazole
50
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 17 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one intermediate host for this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite?
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Sarcocystis spp (hominis or suihominis)
  2. Oocyst (sporulated)
  3. Features
    * Size: within size range (15-20 um long by 15-20um wide for full oocyst) of sporulated Sarcocystis spp oocysts
    * Contains two sporocysts
    * Sporocysts contains four sporozoites and a refractile residual body
    * Autofluoresce under UV microscopy
  4. Cattle (hominis), pigs (suihominis)
  5. Eating undercooked beef or pork with cysts containing bradyzoites in the muscle of the meat
  6. Treatment not needed and will self-clear
51
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 14 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Giardia lamblia
  2. Cyst
  3. Characteristic cyst
    * Within the size range (8-19 um; average 10-14 um) of G. lamblia cysts
    * Up to 4 nuclei may be visible (4 in mature, 2 in immature cysts)
    * Presence of fibrils
  4. Tinidazole, metronidazole
52
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size: 20 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite.
A
  1. Entamoeba histolytica
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Characteristic trophozoite
    * Within the typical size range (15-20 um; overall range 10-60 um) for E. histolytica trophozoites
    * Single nuclei with centrally located karyosomes and uniformly distributed peripheral chromatin
    * Ingested erythrocyte (therefore histolytica)
    * Cytoplasm has a ground glass appearance
  4. Invasive disease: Metronidazole/Tinidazole/Nitazoxanide followed by luminal agent Diloxanide furoate/paromomycin/iodoquinol

N.b. non-invasive only requires luminal agent

53
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 120 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one reservoir for this parasite.
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Balantidium coli
  2. Trophozoite
  3. Characteristic large trophozoite
    * Within the size range (40-200 um) for B. coli trophozoites
    * Ciliated surface
    * Cytosome
    * Bean-shaped macronucleus
  4. Pigs
  5. Consumption of contaminated food/water
  6. Tetracycline (most common, also sensitive to metronidazole, paromomycin)

Arrow: Cytosome; Darts: Cilia

54
Q
  1. Name this parasite
  2. What is the lifecycle stage
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one intermediate host for this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite?
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Sarcocystis spp.
  2. Sarcocyst
  3. Characteristic sarcocyst containing bradyzoites within muscle tissue
  4. Many hosts of non-human Sarcocysts spp.
  5. Humans become infected with non-human Sarcocystis spp. when consuming oocysts of non-human Sarcocystis spp.
  6. Prednisone can be used to treat inflammation. Albendazole is contravorsial
55
Q
  1. Name this parasite (size 28 um)
  2. What is the lifecycle stage?
  3. State your reasons
  4. Name one lab feature of infection with this parasite
  5. How do humans become infected with this parasite
  6. Name one drug used to treat infection with this parasite
A
  1. Cystoisospora belli
  2. Oocyst (immature)
  3. Features:
    * Size: within size range (25-30 um) for cystoisospora belli
    * Containing two sporoblasts
    * Ellipsoidal shape
    * Autofluoresce under ultraviolet (UV) microscopy
  4. Eosinophilia (not found in other intestinal protozoans)
  5. Ingestion of sporocysts-containing oocysts (no intermediate host)
  6. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

DTMH - Parasitology & Entomology Slides (20 decks)

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