Why might regeneration be needed? Flashcards
why may regeneration be needed in an area?
economic and social inequality
what is the rust belt?
An area of industrial decline in the northeast USA, including Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit and Chicago.
what is an example of an economically successful region and why?
Santa Clara County, California, USA
- population has grown by 0.4 million in 25 years
- has an annual GDP of $180 billion
- average household income in 2014 was $89,000
what is an example of a declining region and why?
Detroit, Michigan, USA
-located in Russ belt
-average household income in 2015 was $25,000
(half the national average of $60,000)
-by 2014, 2/3 of Detroits residents couldn’t afford basic needs like food and fuel
-in 2014, poverty rates were 38%
what is meant by ethnicity?
groups of people who share a common culture, ancestry, language and tradition- and often religion, race is based on physical/genetic characteristics
what is a spiral of decline?
a loss of jobs, people and local tax revenue that is difficult to prevent and thus leads to further losses and greater decline.
what are some changes that have affected all rural areas in the UK?
- falling employment in primary sectors like mining, quarrying, fishing and forestry due to mechanisation
- migration of younger people out of rural regions for employment and education- causes and ageing population.
- decline in services especially post offices, banks, and public services as people increasingly drive to use services in nearby towns.
what are ageing populations?
one with an increasing percentage of over 65’s, who are retired and dependant on pensions; they place high demands on services especially healthcare.
what is meant by inequality?
the difference between two or more places, or groups of people. it could be measured in terms of average income or access to services. it is often used to describe a difference that is ‘unfair’.
what are examples of variations/patterns of inequality in an area of the UK?
Reading
- areas closer to the CBD to the south west tend to be more deprived
- Northern areas of Reading are the least deprived
- some areas of high deprivation are towards the edge of the urban areas
- often highly deprived areas are neighbouring the least deprived areas. (gated communities next to sink estates)
what are gated communities?
wealthy residential areas that are fenced off and have security gates and entry systems. They are increasingly common in the UK.
what are sink estates?
council housing estates that are the least desirable to live in and have the shortest waiting lists for housing. They tend to house the lowest income, most in need residents.
what is the most common way to measure engagement?
election turnout- the percentage of people who have a right to vote in an election that actually do vote.
what is place attachment?
the bond between an individual or community and location. It might be thought of as how much people care for a place.
can be helpful in explaining levels of engagement
what does place attachment range according to?
age, ethnicity, length of residence and level of deprivation.
