how successful is regeneration?

Question 1

how can you judge the success of regeneration?

Answer 1

• economic, demographic, social and environmental indicators can be used to measure the success of regeneration
• different groups of people can judge the success of urban regeneration in different ways

Question 2

what is a key indicator of success in terms of population change and why?

Answer 2

demographic (population structure)

it indicates that an area is popular so people are moving in

Question 3

what is an example of population change as an indicator of successful regeneration?

Answer 3

Liverpool
population declined by 200,000 between 1961 and 2001, however in 2011 census showed an increase of 25,000 showing Liverpools long regeneration schemes are finally paying off.

Question 4

what is meant by Studentification and what are examples of where it’s prominent?

Answer 4

occurs when an area becomes popular amongst students often because of universities and student accommodation which can lead to dramatic changes in the age profile of the area.
Newcastle: between 2001&2011, the population of 15-24 year olds increased by an average of 4000.

Question 5

what does data indicating successful regeneration show?

Answer 5

There is now greater inequality between the now regenerated areas and areas close by that have seen no regeneration

Question 6

what are the rankings concerning inequality in UK cities?

Answer 6

top 3 most unequal cities: London, Reading, Portsmouth

top 3 most equal cities: Bradford, Plymouth, Barnsley

Question 7

what is meant by social progress?

Answer 7

how a community improves its quality of life, health and welfare over time

Question 8

how can social progress be measured?

Answer 8

by looking at the reductions in inequalities between and within areas. Social progress can be measured through scores within the multiple deprivation index and in demographic changes which can result in life expectancy improvements, population growth and
reductions in health deprivation.

Question 9

how does regeneration attempt to improve environmental quality?

Answer 9

• redeveloping derelict land and buildings, and removing contaminants from former industrial sites.
• creating pedestrianised zones thus making streets more friendly for people.
• creating new parks and green spaces, planting trees, creating lakes and wetlands
• putting in place new street furniture, pavements and lighting to improve the design of an area.
• regenerating housing with double-glazing and insulation to reduce indoor noise, damp problems and lower energy costs.

Question 10

what do improvements in the environment aim to do?

Answer 10

• reduce air pollution levels; this in turn improve’s peoples health
• to create spaces for people to walk, play and play sport, which in turn could lead to healthier, more active life styles
• to make urban environments safer, especially for children, pedestrians and cyclists
• to improve living conditions so people live in warm, dry, secure homes.

Question 11

how has the Olympics improved environmental quality?

Answer 11

• 100 hectares of new green space was created after 600,000 tonnes of soil had been cleaned of contaminants like arsenic, bitumen and ammonia
• 3km of rivers and canals were cleaned and in many cases, replanted
• 230,000 cubic metres of contaminated groundwater was removed and cleaned
• most of the accommodation for the athletes became new homes to 2800 people (sustainable living)
• improvements to rails, bus routes, and cycle routes improved transport in the area, potentially reducing air pollution.

Question 12

what are stakeholders?

Answer 12

any groups or individuals involved in or interested in regeneration. they range from residents, environmentalists to the local council

Question 13

what does criteria mean in terms of successful regeneration?

Answer 13

the standards or measures people use to judge whether or not something is successful

Question 14

what are the desired outcomes of regeneration for the local council and how can it be measured?

Answer 14

External image is important to attract investment, so landmark buildings and interesting architecture is important as well as reduced deprivation levels
measured by: Job creation numbers, area of vacant/derelict land brought back to use, IMD data trends

Question 15

what are the desired outcomes of regeneration for the existing residents and how can it be measured?

Answer 15

better housing, community facilities and job opportunities plus an improved environment. Hard-to-meaure factors such as community spirit are also important.
measured by: rising incomes, improved health and life expectancy, increased access to services

Question 16

what are the desired outcomes of regeneration for property developers and how can it be measured?

Answer 16

motivated by profit, so will maximise sales values and rental values. Image is also important to drive sales.
measured by: profit versus investment ratios, number of investors, increase in land use

Question 17

what are the desired outcomes of regeneration for the local businesses and how can it be measured?

Answer 17

increased local population, especially of wealthier residents to boost trade and profit.
measured by: rising population (especially the young), hiring rates of new employers

Question 18

what are the desired outcomes of regeneration for the national government and how can it be measured?

Answer 18

regeneration that fits in with the national priorities such as the northern powerhouse, plus reduces dependancy on benefits.
measured by: reduced out-migration, increases in regional output/ GVA (gross value added)

Question 19

what is the northern powerhouse?

Answer 19

a government policy to increase economic power and significance of northern cities, especially greater Manchester.